Stability analysis and numerical simulations of a discrete-time epidemic model

This research investigates a discrete epidemic reaction–diffusion model, focusing on the nuances of both local and global stability. By employing second-order difference schemes alongside L1 approximations, we establish a robust numerical framework for simulating disease spread. The analysis begins...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Iqbal M. Batiha, Mohammad S. Hijazi, Amel Hioual, Adel Ouannas, Mohammad Odeh, Shaher Momani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818125000452
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850086868547272704
author Iqbal M. Batiha
Mohammad S. Hijazi
Amel Hioual
Adel Ouannas
Mohammad Odeh
Shaher Momani
author_facet Iqbal M. Batiha
Mohammad S. Hijazi
Amel Hioual
Adel Ouannas
Mohammad Odeh
Shaher Momani
author_sort Iqbal M. Batiha
collection DOAJ
description This research investigates a discrete epidemic reaction–diffusion model, focusing on the nuances of both local and global stability. By employing second-order difference schemes alongside L1 approximations, we establish a robust numerical framework for simulating disease spread. The analysis begins with a thorough examination of two crucial equilibrium points: the disease-free equilibrium, which signifies complete eradication of the disease, and the endemic equilibrium, where the disease persists within the population. Through this exploration, we seek to identify the specific conditions that can lead to either successful containment or ongoing infection. To assess the global stability of the system, we utilize the Lyapunov method, a powerful analytical technique that enables us to derive sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability. This rigorous methodology guarantees that, under defined conditions, the system will ultimately reach a stable equilibrium, irrespective of any initial perturbations. Complementing our theoretical framework, we conduct numerical simulations that validate our stability results. These simulations provide deeper insights into the system’s dynamic behavior, illustrating how various parameters and conditions influence its evolution. Moreover, the numerical simulations not only reinforce our theoretical findings but also facilitate the visualization and interpretation of the system’s complex dynamics. This synergy between analytical rigor and numerical validation enhances the reliability of our model, establishing it as a critical tool for understanding epidemic propagation and developing effective control strategies. Our comprehensive investigation thus enriches both the theoretical landscape of reaction–diffusion systems and their practical implications for managing disease outbreaks.
format Article
id doaj-art-3fa56ecad1f448baafd7c376de28e0b6
institution DOAJ
issn 2666-8181
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics
spelling doaj-art-3fa56ecad1f448baafd7c376de28e0b62025-08-20T02:43:20ZengElsevierPartial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics2666-81812025-03-011310111810.1016/j.padiff.2025.101118Stability analysis and numerical simulations of a discrete-time epidemic modelIqbal M. Batiha0Mohammad S. Hijazi1Amel Hioual2Adel Ouannas3Mohammad Odeh4Shaher Momani5Department of Mathematics, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Corresponding author at: Department of Mathematics, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan.Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Oum EL-Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, AlgeriaDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Oum EL-Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi 04000, AlgeriaDepartment of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Jouf University, Tabarjal, Saudi ArabiaNonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, JordanThis research investigates a discrete epidemic reaction–diffusion model, focusing on the nuances of both local and global stability. By employing second-order difference schemes alongside L1 approximations, we establish a robust numerical framework for simulating disease spread. The analysis begins with a thorough examination of two crucial equilibrium points: the disease-free equilibrium, which signifies complete eradication of the disease, and the endemic equilibrium, where the disease persists within the population. Through this exploration, we seek to identify the specific conditions that can lead to either successful containment or ongoing infection. To assess the global stability of the system, we utilize the Lyapunov method, a powerful analytical technique that enables us to derive sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability. This rigorous methodology guarantees that, under defined conditions, the system will ultimately reach a stable equilibrium, irrespective of any initial perturbations. Complementing our theoretical framework, we conduct numerical simulations that validate our stability results. These simulations provide deeper insights into the system’s dynamic behavior, illustrating how various parameters and conditions influence its evolution. Moreover, the numerical simulations not only reinforce our theoretical findings but also facilitate the visualization and interpretation of the system’s complex dynamics. This synergy between analytical rigor and numerical validation enhances the reliability of our model, establishing it as a critical tool for understanding epidemic propagation and developing effective control strategies. Our comprehensive investigation thus enriches both the theoretical landscape of reaction–diffusion systems and their practical implications for managing disease outbreaks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818125000452Discrete reaction–diffusion dynamicsEpidemic modelLocal–global stability
spellingShingle Iqbal M. Batiha
Mohammad S. Hijazi
Amel Hioual
Adel Ouannas
Mohammad Odeh
Shaher Momani
Stability analysis and numerical simulations of a discrete-time epidemic model
Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics
Discrete reaction–diffusion dynamics
Epidemic model
Local–global stability
title Stability analysis and numerical simulations of a discrete-time epidemic model
title_full Stability analysis and numerical simulations of a discrete-time epidemic model
title_fullStr Stability analysis and numerical simulations of a discrete-time epidemic model
title_full_unstemmed Stability analysis and numerical simulations of a discrete-time epidemic model
title_short Stability analysis and numerical simulations of a discrete-time epidemic model
title_sort stability analysis and numerical simulations of a discrete time epidemic model
topic Discrete reaction–diffusion dynamics
Epidemic model
Local–global stability
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666818125000452
work_keys_str_mv AT iqbalmbatiha stabilityanalysisandnumericalsimulationsofadiscretetimeepidemicmodel
AT mohammadshijazi stabilityanalysisandnumericalsimulationsofadiscretetimeepidemicmodel
AT amelhioual stabilityanalysisandnumericalsimulationsofadiscretetimeepidemicmodel
AT adelouannas stabilityanalysisandnumericalsimulationsofadiscretetimeepidemicmodel
AT mohammadodeh stabilityanalysisandnumericalsimulationsofadiscretetimeepidemicmodel
AT shahermomani stabilityanalysisandnumericalsimulationsofadiscretetimeepidemicmodel