Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition

Background: Alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is prescribed to treat bone diseases. ALN acts as an inhibitor of enzymes in the mevalonate pathway, which results in reducing osteoblast viability and mineralization. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a substrate in mevalonate pathway and...

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Main Authors: Harikarn Mungpayabarn, Somying Patntirapong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2021-07-01
Series:Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242682100049X
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author Harikarn Mungpayabarn
Somying Patntirapong
author_facet Harikarn Mungpayabarn
Somying Patntirapong
author_sort Harikarn Mungpayabarn
collection DOAJ
description Background: Alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is prescribed to treat bone diseases. ALN acts as an inhibitor of enzymes in the mevalonate pathway, which results in reducing osteoblast viability and mineralization. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a substrate in mevalonate pathway and mediates protein prenylation in the cells. Objective: To investigate the effects of GGOH on ALN-treated osteoblast activities in order to improve the application of GGOH. Methods: MC3T3 cells were treated with ALN. GGOH were added at different time points. Cell activities were examined using alizarin red S, MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: ALN decreased mineralization. In the presence of ALN, GGOH addition at the first week of culture increased mineralization compared with the addition at other time points. ALN treatment for 7 days caused a reduction in osteoblast and pre-osteoblast viability compared with untreated cells. GGOH supplement partially rescued cell viability and increased total protein in cells treated with ALN. Furthermore, GGOH significantly upregulated gene expressions of Col I, OPN, VEGF, and VEGFR2. Conclusion: GGOH could be best applied at the early stage of osteogenesis since GGOH helped increasing cell viability and differentiation at the first 7 day of treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-3fa49a70debc4f748bdc2b956f7290a72025-08-20T02:01:56ZengElsevierJournal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research2212-42682021-07-0111339640110.1016/j.jobcr.2021.04.005Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate conditionHarikarn Mungpayabarn0Somying Patntirapong1Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, ThailandThammasat University Research Unit in Dental and Bone Substitute Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand; Corresponding author. Thammasat University Research Unit in Dental and Bone Substitute Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Rangsit campus, 99 Moo 18 Pahonyothin Rd., Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.Background: Alendronate (ALN), a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is prescribed to treat bone diseases. ALN acts as an inhibitor of enzymes in the mevalonate pathway, which results in reducing osteoblast viability and mineralization. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) is a substrate in mevalonate pathway and mediates protein prenylation in the cells. Objective: To investigate the effects of GGOH on ALN-treated osteoblast activities in order to improve the application of GGOH. Methods: MC3T3 cells were treated with ALN. GGOH were added at different time points. Cell activities were examined using alizarin red S, MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: ALN decreased mineralization. In the presence of ALN, GGOH addition at the first week of culture increased mineralization compared with the addition at other time points. ALN treatment for 7 days caused a reduction in osteoblast and pre-osteoblast viability compared with untreated cells. GGOH supplement partially rescued cell viability and increased total protein in cells treated with ALN. Furthermore, GGOH significantly upregulated gene expressions of Col I, OPN, VEGF, and VEGFR2. Conclusion: GGOH could be best applied at the early stage of osteogenesis since GGOH helped increasing cell viability and differentiation at the first 7 day of treatment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242682100049XGeranylgeraniolBisphosphonateOsteoblastMineralizationTimingCell viability
spellingShingle Harikarn Mungpayabarn
Somying Patntirapong
Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
Geranylgeraniol
Bisphosphonate
Osteoblast
Mineralization
Timing
Cell viability
title Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition
title_full Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition
title_fullStr Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition
title_full_unstemmed Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition
title_short Timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition
title_sort timing of geranylgeraniol addition increases osteoblast activities under alendronate condition
topic Geranylgeraniol
Bisphosphonate
Osteoblast
Mineralization
Timing
Cell viability
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221242682100049X
work_keys_str_mv AT harikarnmungpayabarn timingofgeranylgeranioladditionincreasesosteoblastactivitiesunderalendronatecondition
AT somyingpatntirapong timingofgeranylgeranioladditionincreasesosteoblastactivitiesunderalendronatecondition