Describing the density of high-level trauma centers in the 15 largest US cities
Background There has been a proliferation of urban high-level trauma centers. The aim of this study was to describe the density of high-level adult trauma centers in the 15 largest cities in the USA and determine whether density was correlated with urban social determinants of health and violence ra...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |
| Online Access: | https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000562.full |
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| author | Karl Y Bilimoria Deborah M Stein Marie L Crandall Anne M Stey Alexandria Byskosh Caryn Etkin Robert Mackersie |
| author_facet | Karl Y Bilimoria Deborah M Stein Marie L Crandall Anne M Stey Alexandria Byskosh Caryn Etkin Robert Mackersie |
| author_sort | Karl Y Bilimoria |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background There has been a proliferation of urban high-level trauma centers. The aim of this study was to describe the density of high-level adult trauma centers in the 15 largest cities in the USA and determine whether density was correlated with urban social determinants of health and violence rates.Methods The largest 15 US cities by population were identified. The American College of Surgeons’ (ACS) and states’ department of health websites were cross-referenced for designated high-level (levels 1 and 2) trauma centers in each city. Trauma centers and associated 20 min drive radius were mapped. High-level trauma centers per square mile and per population were calculated. The distance between high-level trauma centers was calculated. Publicly reported social determinants of health and violence data were tested for correlation with trauma center density.Results Among the 15 largest cities, 14 cities had multiple high-level adult trauma centers. There was a median of one high-level trauma center per every 150 square kilometers with a range of one center per every 39 square kilometers in Philadelphia to one center per596 square kilometers in San Antonio. There was a median of one high-level trauma center per 285 034 people with a range of one center per 175 058 people in Columbus to one center per 870 044 people in San Francisco. The median minimum distance between high-level trauma centers in the 14 cities with multiple centers was 8 kilometers and ranged from 1 kilometer in Houston to 43 kilometers in San Antonio. Social determinants of health, specifically poverty rate and unemployment rate, were highly correlated with violence rates. However, there was no correlation between trauma center density and social determinants of health or violence rates.Discussion High-level trauma centers density is not correlated with social determinants of health or violence rates.Level of evidence VI.Study type Economic/decision. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3fa1772be45e4376a09d388f4c93d6fc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2397-5776 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-3fa1772be45e4376a09d388f4c93d6fc2025-08-20T02:12:38ZengBMJ Publishing GroupTrauma Surgery & Acute Care Open2397-57762020-12-015110.1136/tsaco-2020-000562Describing the density of high-level trauma centers in the 15 largest US citiesKarl Y Bilimoria0Deborah M Stein1Marie L Crandall2Anne M Stey3Alexandria Byskosh4Caryn Etkin5Robert Mackersie6Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USASurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USASurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine – Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida, USADepartment of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USADepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USABackground There has been a proliferation of urban high-level trauma centers. The aim of this study was to describe the density of high-level adult trauma centers in the 15 largest cities in the USA and determine whether density was correlated with urban social determinants of health and violence rates.Methods The largest 15 US cities by population were identified. The American College of Surgeons’ (ACS) and states’ department of health websites were cross-referenced for designated high-level (levels 1 and 2) trauma centers in each city. Trauma centers and associated 20 min drive radius were mapped. High-level trauma centers per square mile and per population were calculated. The distance between high-level trauma centers was calculated. Publicly reported social determinants of health and violence data were tested for correlation with trauma center density.Results Among the 15 largest cities, 14 cities had multiple high-level adult trauma centers. There was a median of one high-level trauma center per every 150 square kilometers with a range of one center per every 39 square kilometers in Philadelphia to one center per596 square kilometers in San Antonio. There was a median of one high-level trauma center per 285 034 people with a range of one center per 175 058 people in Columbus to one center per 870 044 people in San Francisco. The median minimum distance between high-level trauma centers in the 14 cities with multiple centers was 8 kilometers and ranged from 1 kilometer in Houston to 43 kilometers in San Antonio. Social determinants of health, specifically poverty rate and unemployment rate, were highly correlated with violence rates. However, there was no correlation between trauma center density and social determinants of health or violence rates.Discussion High-level trauma centers density is not correlated with social determinants of health or violence rates.Level of evidence VI.Study type Economic/decision.https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000562.full |
| spellingShingle | Karl Y Bilimoria Deborah M Stein Marie L Crandall Anne M Stey Alexandria Byskosh Caryn Etkin Robert Mackersie Describing the density of high-level trauma centers in the 15 largest US cities Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open |
| title | Describing the density of high-level trauma centers in the 15 largest US cities |
| title_full | Describing the density of high-level trauma centers in the 15 largest US cities |
| title_fullStr | Describing the density of high-level trauma centers in the 15 largest US cities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Describing the density of high-level trauma centers in the 15 largest US cities |
| title_short | Describing the density of high-level trauma centers in the 15 largest US cities |
| title_sort | describing the density of high level trauma centers in the 15 largest us cities |
| url | https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000562.full |
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