Association among diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients hospitalised for COVID-19: an analysis of the American Heart Association COVID-19 CVD Registry

Objective To examine inpatient COVID-19-related outcomes among patients with and without diabetes alone or with a history of established heart failure (HF) or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).Design Observational study; longitudinal analysis of registry data.Setting Hospita...

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Main Authors: Arshed Quyyumi, Abhinav Goyal, Sandeep Das, Unjali Gujral, Lauren T Vanasse, Colby Ayers, Francisco Pasquel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-12-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/12/e084087.full
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Summary:Objective To examine inpatient COVID-19-related outcomes among patients with and without diabetes alone or with a history of established heart failure (HF) or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).Design Observational study; longitudinal analysis of registry data.Setting Hospitals in the USA reporting to the American Heart Association (AHA) COVID-19 Registry from January 2020 to May 2021.Participants 20 796 individuals with diabetes (11 244 men; mean age 64.2) and 30 798 without diabetes (15 980 men; mean age 59.0) hospitalised for COVID-19 in the USA.Primary and secondary outcome measures Primary outcome measures were all-cause mortality, inpatient major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and/or inpatient mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcome measures included the association with diabetes and these outcomes among those with and without pre-existing ASCVD and HF and the association with insulin use and these outcomes in patients hospitalised for COVID-19.Results After adjustment for relevant covariates diabetes increased the risk of mortality (HR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.21), MACE (HR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.48) and mechanical ventilation (HR 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.42). Among patients with established ASCVD or HF, diabetes did not modify the risk of adverse outcomes. There was a significant difference in the risk of mortality between patients taking insulin compared with those who were not (HR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.26); however, there was no difference in the risk of MACE or mechanical ventilation.Conclusions Diabetes was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital all-cause mortality, MACE and need for mechanical ventilation in patients hospitalised for COVID-19. Diabetes was independently associated with adverse outcomes, particularly among those without pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
ISSN:2044-6055