Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting
This paper presents a quad-band, 3D mountable rectenna module for ambient energy harvesting. With the aim of powering up Internet of Things (IoT) nodes in practical ambient environments, a hybrid approach of combining power, both at RF and DC, is adopted using 98 MHz FM band, GSM900 (Global System f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7169846 |
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| author | Fatima Khalid Warda Saeed Nosherwan Shoaib Muhammad U. Khan Hammad M. Cheema |
| author_facet | Fatima Khalid Warda Saeed Nosherwan Shoaib Muhammad U. Khan Hammad M. Cheema |
| author_sort | Fatima Khalid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper presents a quad-band, 3D mountable rectenna module for ambient energy harvesting. With the aim of powering up Internet of Things (IoT) nodes in practical ambient environments, a hybrid approach of combining power, both at RF and DC, is adopted using 98 MHz FM band, GSM900 (Global System for Mobile Communications), GSM1800, and Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz band. A dual polarized cross-dipole antenna featuring asymmetric slots as well as central ring structure enables multiband response and improved matching at the higher three frequency bands, whereas a loaded monopole wire antenna is used at the lower FM band. Four identical multiband antennas are placed in a 3D cubic arrangement that houses a 4-to-1 power combiner and matching circuits on the inside and the FM antenna on the top. In order to maintain stable rectenna output at varying input power levels and load resistances, a novel transmission line based matching network using closed form equations is proposed. Integrated in form of a 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 cube using standard FR4 substrate, the rectenna generates a peak output voltage of 2.38 V at −10 dBm input power. The RF to DC conversion efficiency is 70.28%, 41.7%, 33.37%, and 27.69% at 98 MHz, 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz, and 2.4 GHz, respectively, at −6 dBm. The rectenna also exhibits a measured conversion efficiency of 31.3% at −15 dBm for multitone inputs in ambient environment. The promising results in both indoor and outdoor settings are suitable to power low power IoT devices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3f9bdc68a5624992a5e33e7c9685ca80 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-5869 1687-5877 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| spelling | doaj-art-3f9bdc68a5624992a5e33e7c9685ca802025-02-03T06:05:37ZengWileyInternational Journal of Antennas and Propagation1687-58691687-58772020-01-01202010.1155/2020/71698467169846Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy HarvestingFatima Khalid0Warda Saeed1Nosherwan Shoaib2Muhammad U. Khan3Hammad M. Cheema4Research Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies (RIMMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanResearch Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies (RIMMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanResearch Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies (RIMMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanResearch Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies (RIMMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanResearch Institute for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Studies (RIMMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, PakistanThis paper presents a quad-band, 3D mountable rectenna module for ambient energy harvesting. With the aim of powering up Internet of Things (IoT) nodes in practical ambient environments, a hybrid approach of combining power, both at RF and DC, is adopted using 98 MHz FM band, GSM900 (Global System for Mobile Communications), GSM1800, and Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz band. A dual polarized cross-dipole antenna featuring asymmetric slots as well as central ring structure enables multiband response and improved matching at the higher three frequency bands, whereas a loaded monopole wire antenna is used at the lower FM band. Four identical multiband antennas are placed in a 3D cubic arrangement that houses a 4-to-1 power combiner and matching circuits on the inside and the FM antenna on the top. In order to maintain stable rectenna output at varying input power levels and load resistances, a novel transmission line based matching network using closed form equations is proposed. Integrated in form of a 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 cube using standard FR4 substrate, the rectenna generates a peak output voltage of 2.38 V at −10 dBm input power. The RF to DC conversion efficiency is 70.28%, 41.7%, 33.37%, and 27.69% at 98 MHz, 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz, and 2.4 GHz, respectively, at −6 dBm. The rectenna also exhibits a measured conversion efficiency of 31.3% at −15 dBm for multitone inputs in ambient environment. The promising results in both indoor and outdoor settings are suitable to power low power IoT devices.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7169846 |
| spellingShingle | Fatima Khalid Warda Saeed Nosherwan Shoaib Muhammad U. Khan Hammad M. Cheema Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting International Journal of Antennas and Propagation |
| title | Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_full | Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_fullStr | Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_short | Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting |
| title_sort | quad band 3d rectenna array for ambient rf energy harvesting |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7169846 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fatimakhalid quadband3drectennaarrayforambientrfenergyharvesting AT wardasaeed quadband3drectennaarrayforambientrfenergyharvesting AT nosherwanshoaib quadband3drectennaarrayforambientrfenergyharvesting AT muhammadukhan quadband3drectennaarrayforambientrfenergyharvesting AT hammadmcheema quadband3drectennaarrayforambientrfenergyharvesting |