Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?

Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/e...

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Main Authors: Maria D. Pinazo-Durán, Francisco Gómez-Ulla, Luis Arias, Javier Araiz, Ricardo Casaroli-Marano, Roberto Gallego-Pinazo, Jose J. García-Medina, Maria Isabel López-Gálvez, Lucía Manzanas, Anna Salas, Miguel Zapata, Manuel Diaz-Llopis, Alfredo García-Layana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2014-01-01
Series:Journal of Ophthalmology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/901686
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author Maria D. Pinazo-Durán
Francisco Gómez-Ulla
Luis Arias
Javier Araiz
Ricardo Casaroli-Marano
Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
Jose J. García-Medina
Maria Isabel López-Gálvez
Lucía Manzanas
Anna Salas
Miguel Zapata
Manuel Diaz-Llopis
Alfredo García-Layana
author_facet Maria D. Pinazo-Durán
Francisco Gómez-Ulla
Luis Arias
Javier Araiz
Ricardo Casaroli-Marano
Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
Jose J. García-Medina
Maria Isabel López-Gálvez
Lucía Manzanas
Anna Salas
Miguel Zapata
Manuel Diaz-Llopis
Alfredo García-Layana
author_sort Maria D. Pinazo-Durán
collection DOAJ
description Purpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω-3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ω-3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω-3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.
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publishDate 2014-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-3f976f07340945f2a474d154ab4abc3a2025-08-20T03:55:36ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582014-01-01201410.1155/2014/901686901686Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?Maria D. Pinazo-Durán0Francisco Gómez-Ulla1Luis Arias2Javier Araiz3Ricardo Casaroli-Marano4Roberto Gallego-Pinazo5Jose J. García-Medina6Maria Isabel López-Gálvez7Lucía Manzanas8Anna Salas9Miguel Zapata10Manuel Diaz-Llopis11Alfredo García-Layana12University of Valencia, SpainUniversity of Santiago de Compostela, SpainUniversity of Barcelona, SpainVitreous and Retina Department, UPV/EHU and Instituto Clínico Quirúrgico de Oftalmología (ICQO), University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, SpainClinic Institute of Ophthalmology, Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainMacula Section, Department of Ophthalmology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, SpainUniversity of Murcia, General University Hospital Reina Sofia, Murcia, SpainThe University of Valladolid, Diabetes and Telemedicine Unit at the IOBA, SpainThe University of Valladolid, SpainResearch Institute of the Hospital of Vall Hebron, Barcelona, SpainRetina Section of the Hospital of Vall Hebron, The Universidad Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainFaculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, SpainUniversity of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, SpainPurpose. To review the proposed pathogenic mechanisms of age macular degeneration (AMD), as well as the role of antioxidants (AOX) and omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) supplements in AMD prevention. Materials and Methods. Current knowledge on the cellular/molecular mechanisms of AMD and the epidemiologic/experimental studies on the effects of AOX and ω-3 were addressed all together with the scientific evidence and the personal opinion of professionals involved in the Retina Group of the OFTARED (Spain). Results. High dietary intakes of ω-3 and macular pigments lutein/zeaxanthin are associated with lower risk of prevalence and incidence in AMD. The Age-Related Eye Disease study (AREDS) showed a beneficial effect of high doses of vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc/copper in reducing the rate of progression to advanced AMD in patients with intermediate AMD or with one-sided late AMD. The AREDS-2 study has shown that lutein and zeaxanthin may substitute beta-carotene because of its potential relationship with increased lung cancer incidence. Conclusion. Research has proved that elder people with poor diets, especially with low AOX and ω-3 micronutrients intake and subsequently having low plasmatic levels, are more prone to developing AMD. Micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and healthy eyes and might prevent/retard/modify AMD.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/901686
spellingShingle Maria D. Pinazo-Durán
Francisco Gómez-Ulla
Luis Arias
Javier Araiz
Ricardo Casaroli-Marano
Roberto Gallego-Pinazo
Jose J. García-Medina
Maria Isabel López-Gálvez
Lucía Manzanas
Anna Salas
Miguel Zapata
Manuel Diaz-Llopis
Alfredo García-Layana
Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?
Journal of Ophthalmology
title Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?
title_full Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?
title_fullStr Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?
title_full_unstemmed Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?
title_short Do Nutritional Supplements Have a Role in Age Macular Degeneration Prevention?
title_sort do nutritional supplements have a role in age macular degeneration prevention
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/901686
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