Metal oxides and carbonaceous nanocomposites as platinum-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells; A review

Recently, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been considered as a future solution to the increasing energy demand across the globe. This is due to their simple structure, low toxicity, ease of fabrication and promising high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). A standard DSSC is composed of a pho...

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Main Authors: Stephen Tenywa, Jude Tadeo Inyalot, Alex Okello
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Heliyon
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025019334
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author Stephen Tenywa
Jude Tadeo Inyalot
Alex Okello
author_facet Stephen Tenywa
Jude Tadeo Inyalot
Alex Okello
author_sort Stephen Tenywa
collection DOAJ
description Recently, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been considered as a future solution to the increasing energy demand across the globe. This is due to their simple structure, low toxicity, ease of fabrication and promising high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). A standard DSSC is composed of a photo-anode (usually made of TiO2), a counter electrode (CE) made of platinum (Pt), a light sensing dye and an electrolyte. In terms of cell fabrication and materials cost, DSSCs are cheaper as compared to other photovoltaic (PV) cells. However, the use of alternative and in-expensive Pt-free counter electrodes has been a focal area of research for over a decade. In addition, Pt is affected by persistent corrosion when exposed to I−/I3− redox electrolyte. In this review, we focus on analyzing the current status of the performance of DSSCs with metal oxides-based CEs and the Carbonaceous nanocomposites as alternative Pt free CEs for DSSCs. We also highlight the significant contributions made by these materials for effective performance in DSSC. This review is organized as follows; (1) Introduction; (2) Genesis and Advancements of DSSCs; (3) Current Developments in Counter Electrodes (4); Summary and (5); Perspective, in which we highlight the recommendations. The various synthesis methods for material preparation, their advantages and disadvantages are also reviewed. Lastly, the available possibilities for further research targeted at acquiring best performing DSSCs are highlighted.
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spelling doaj-art-3f970e8b488340f3944647effffb2f5e2025-08-20T02:37:02ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-07-011112e4354710.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e43547Metal oxides and carbonaceous nanocomposites as platinum-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells; A reviewStephen Tenywa0Jude Tadeo Inyalot1Alex Okello2Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, P. O. Box 1, Kyambogo, Uganda; Corresponding author.Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kyambogo University, P. O. Box 1, Kyambogo, UgandaDepartment of Physics, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, UgandaRecently, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been considered as a future solution to the increasing energy demand across the globe. This is due to their simple structure, low toxicity, ease of fabrication and promising high-power conversion efficiency (PCE). A standard DSSC is composed of a photo-anode (usually made of TiO2), a counter electrode (CE) made of platinum (Pt), a light sensing dye and an electrolyte. In terms of cell fabrication and materials cost, DSSCs are cheaper as compared to other photovoltaic (PV) cells. However, the use of alternative and in-expensive Pt-free counter electrodes has been a focal area of research for over a decade. In addition, Pt is affected by persistent corrosion when exposed to I−/I3− redox electrolyte. In this review, we focus on analyzing the current status of the performance of DSSCs with metal oxides-based CEs and the Carbonaceous nanocomposites as alternative Pt free CEs for DSSCs. We also highlight the significant contributions made by these materials for effective performance in DSSC. This review is organized as follows; (1) Introduction; (2) Genesis and Advancements of DSSCs; (3) Current Developments in Counter Electrodes (4); Summary and (5); Perspective, in which we highlight the recommendations. The various synthesis methods for material preparation, their advantages and disadvantages are also reviewed. Lastly, the available possibilities for further research targeted at acquiring best performing DSSCs are highlighted.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025019334Dye sensitized solar cellsCounter electrodePower conversion efficiencyMetal oxidesCarbonaceous materials
spellingShingle Stephen Tenywa
Jude Tadeo Inyalot
Alex Okello
Metal oxides and carbonaceous nanocomposites as platinum-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells; A review
Heliyon
Dye sensitized solar cells
Counter electrode
Power conversion efficiency
Metal oxides
Carbonaceous materials
title Metal oxides and carbonaceous nanocomposites as platinum-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells; A review
title_full Metal oxides and carbonaceous nanocomposites as platinum-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells; A review
title_fullStr Metal oxides and carbonaceous nanocomposites as platinum-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells; A review
title_full_unstemmed Metal oxides and carbonaceous nanocomposites as platinum-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells; A review
title_short Metal oxides and carbonaceous nanocomposites as platinum-free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells; A review
title_sort metal oxides and carbonaceous nanocomposites as platinum free counter electrodes for dye sensitized solar cells a review
topic Dye sensitized solar cells
Counter electrode
Power conversion efficiency
Metal oxides
Carbonaceous materials
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025019334
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AT alexokello metaloxidesandcarbonaceousnanocompositesasplatinumfreecounterelectrodesfordyesensitizedsolarcellsareview