Projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the Netherlands

Abstract Background Most European countries offer human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination through organised immunisation programmes, but the choice of vaccine varies. We compared the expected health and economic effects of the currently used bivalent vaccine, targeting HPV-16/18, and the nonavalent v...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Birgit Sollie, Johannes Berkhof, Johannes A. Bogaards
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04170-3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850221847010869248
author Birgit Sollie
Johannes Berkhof
Johannes A. Bogaards
author_facet Birgit Sollie
Johannes Berkhof
Johannes A. Bogaards
author_sort Birgit Sollie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Most European countries offer human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination through organised immunisation programmes, but the choice of vaccine varies. We compared the expected health and economic effects of the currently used bivalent vaccine, targeting HPV-16/18, and the nonavalent vaccine, targeting seven additional genotypes, for the Netherlands. Methods We estimated the incremental impact of nonavalent versus bivalent vaccination in a cohort of 100,000 girls and 100,000 boys offered vaccination at age 10, by projecting type-specific infection risk reductions onto expected number of cervical screening outcomes, HPV-related cancers, and treatments for anogenital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). In the base-case, we assumed two-dose vaccination with 60% uptake, lifelong partial cross-protection against HPV-31/33/45 for the bivalent vaccine and EUR 25 extra cost per dose for the nonavalent vaccine. Cost-effectiveness was assessed from a healthcare provider perspective by comparing the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life-year gained (LYG) with the Dutch threshold of EUR 20,000/LYG. Results Compared with bivalent vaccination, nonavalent vaccination prevents an additional 1320 high-grade cervical lesions, 70 cancers, 34,000 anogenital warts episodes and 30 RRPs and generates EUR 4.1 million discounted savings from fewer treatments. The ICER is EUR 5489 (95% credible interval: 3765; 7019)/LYG in the base-case and exceeds the cost-effectiveness threshold only if the cross-protection for the bivalent vaccine extends permanently to non-31/33/45 genotypes or if the vaccine efficacy wanes past age 20 for both vaccines. Conclusions Sex-neutral vaccination with the nonavalent vaccine is likely to be cost-effective. Long-term monitoring of type-specific vaccine effectiveness is essential because of the impact of cross-protection and waning efficacy on cost-effectiveness.
format Article
id doaj-art-3f95ea11531a4b70a706db7987677f79
institution OA Journals
issn 1741-7015
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series BMC Medicine
spelling doaj-art-3f95ea11531a4b70a706db7987677f792025-08-20T02:06:35ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152025-06-0123111310.1186/s12916-025-04170-3Projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the NetherlandsBirgit Sollie0Johannes Berkhof1Johannes A. Bogaards2Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDepartment of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAbstract Background Most European countries offer human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination through organised immunisation programmes, but the choice of vaccine varies. We compared the expected health and economic effects of the currently used bivalent vaccine, targeting HPV-16/18, and the nonavalent vaccine, targeting seven additional genotypes, for the Netherlands. Methods We estimated the incremental impact of nonavalent versus bivalent vaccination in a cohort of 100,000 girls and 100,000 boys offered vaccination at age 10, by projecting type-specific infection risk reductions onto expected number of cervical screening outcomes, HPV-related cancers, and treatments for anogenital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). In the base-case, we assumed two-dose vaccination with 60% uptake, lifelong partial cross-protection against HPV-31/33/45 for the bivalent vaccine and EUR 25 extra cost per dose for the nonavalent vaccine. Cost-effectiveness was assessed from a healthcare provider perspective by comparing the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per life-year gained (LYG) with the Dutch threshold of EUR 20,000/LYG. Results Compared with bivalent vaccination, nonavalent vaccination prevents an additional 1320 high-grade cervical lesions, 70 cancers, 34,000 anogenital warts episodes and 30 RRPs and generates EUR 4.1 million discounted savings from fewer treatments. The ICER is EUR 5489 (95% credible interval: 3765; 7019)/LYG in the base-case and exceeds the cost-effectiveness threshold only if the cross-protection for the bivalent vaccine extends permanently to non-31/33/45 genotypes or if the vaccine efficacy wanes past age 20 for both vaccines. Conclusions Sex-neutral vaccination with the nonavalent vaccine is likely to be cost-effective. Long-term monitoring of type-specific vaccine effectiveness is essential because of the impact of cross-protection and waning efficacy on cost-effectiveness.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04170-3Human papillomavirusBivalent HPV vaccineNonavalent HPV vaccineCost-effectiveness analysisThe Netherlands
spellingShingle Birgit Sollie
Johannes Berkhof
Johannes A. Bogaards
Projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the Netherlands
BMC Medicine
Human papillomavirus
Bivalent HPV vaccine
Nonavalent HPV vaccine
Cost-effectiveness analysis
The Netherlands
title Projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the Netherlands
title_full Projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the Netherlands
title_fullStr Projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the Netherlands
title_full_unstemmed Projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the Netherlands
title_short Projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the Netherlands
title_sort projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the netherlands
topic Human papillomavirus
Bivalent HPV vaccine
Nonavalent HPV vaccine
Cost-effectiveness analysis
The Netherlands
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04170-3
work_keys_str_mv AT birgitsollie projectedhealthandeconomiceffectsofnonavalentversusbivalenthumanpapillomavirusvaccinationinpreadolescenceinthenetherlands
AT johannesberkhof projectedhealthandeconomiceffectsofnonavalentversusbivalenthumanpapillomavirusvaccinationinpreadolescenceinthenetherlands
AT johannesabogaards projectedhealthandeconomiceffectsofnonavalentversusbivalenthumanpapillomavirusvaccinationinpreadolescenceinthenetherlands