Annealing-Driven Modifications in ZnO Nanorod Thin Films and Their Impact on NO<sub>2</sub> Sensing Performance
This research examines the effect of annealing temperature on the growth orientation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and its subsequent influence on NO<sub data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sub> gas sensing efficiency. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were synthesized using the chemi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
|
| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/778 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849407029748170752 |
|---|---|
| author | Sandip M. Nikam Tanaji S. Patil Nilam A. Nimbalkar Raviraj S. Kamble Vandana R. Patil Uttam E. Mote Sadaf Jamal Gilani Sagar M. Mane Jaewoong Lee Ravindra D. Mane |
| author_facet | Sandip M. Nikam Tanaji S. Patil Nilam A. Nimbalkar Raviraj S. Kamble Vandana R. Patil Uttam E. Mote Sadaf Jamal Gilani Sagar M. Mane Jaewoong Lee Ravindra D. Mane |
| author_sort | Sandip M. Nikam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research examines the effect of annealing temperature on the growth orientation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and its subsequent influence on NO<sub data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sub> gas sensing efficiency. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were synthesized using the chemical bath deposition method, followed by annealing at 300, 400, and 500 °C. Diffraction analysis confirmed that both non-annealed and annealed ZnO nanorods crystallize in a hexagonal wurtzite structure. However, increasing the annealing temperature shifts the growth orientation from the c-axis (002) toward the (100) and (101) directions. Microscopy images (FE-SEM) revealed a reduction in nanorod diameter as the annealing temperature increases. Optical characterization using UV–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy indicated shifts in the band gap energy and emission properties. Contact angle measurements demonstrated the hydrophobic nature of the films. Gas sensing tests at 200 °C revealed that the ZnO thin film annealed at 400 °C achieved the highest NO<sub data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sub> response of 5.88%. The study highlights the critical role of annealing in modifying the crystallinity, growth orientation, and defect states of ZnO thin films, ultimately enhancing their NO<sub data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sub> detection capability. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3f933c61ab2d4695bfced890a0e075a8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj-art-3f933c61ab2d4695bfced890a0e075a82025-08-20T03:36:12ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-06-0116777810.3390/mi16070778Annealing-Driven Modifications in ZnO Nanorod Thin Films and Their Impact on NO<sub>2</sub> Sensing PerformanceSandip M. Nikam0Tanaji S. Patil1Nilam A. Nimbalkar2Raviraj S. Kamble3Vandana R. Patil4Uttam E. Mote5Sadaf Jamal Gilani6Sagar M. Mane7Jaewoong Lee8Ravindra D. Mane9Department of Physics, Jaysingpur College, Jaysingpur, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416101, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Physics, Bhogawati Mahavidyalaya, Kurukali, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416001, Maharashtra, IndiaSharad Institute of Technology, Polytechnic, Yadrav, Ichalkaranji 416121, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Bhogawati Mahavidyalaya, Kurukali, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416001, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Bhogawati Mahavidyalaya, Kurukali, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416001, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Physics, Shrimant Babasaheb Deshmukh Mahavidyalaya, Atpadi, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 415301, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics, Jaysingpur College, Jaysingpur, Shivaji University, Kolhapur 416101, Maharashtra, IndiaThis research examines the effect of annealing temperature on the growth orientation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods and its subsequent influence on NO<sub data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sub> gas sensing efficiency. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were synthesized using the chemical bath deposition method, followed by annealing at 300, 400, and 500 °C. Diffraction analysis confirmed that both non-annealed and annealed ZnO nanorods crystallize in a hexagonal wurtzite structure. However, increasing the annealing temperature shifts the growth orientation from the c-axis (002) toward the (100) and (101) directions. Microscopy images (FE-SEM) revealed a reduction in nanorod diameter as the annealing temperature increases. Optical characterization using UV–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy indicated shifts in the band gap energy and emission properties. Contact angle measurements demonstrated the hydrophobic nature of the films. Gas sensing tests at 200 °C revealed that the ZnO thin film annealed at 400 °C achieved the highest NO<sub data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sub> response of 5.88%. The study highlights the critical role of annealing in modifying the crystallinity, growth orientation, and defect states of ZnO thin films, ultimately enhancing their NO<sub data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">2</sub> detection capability.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/778ZnO nanorod arrayannealing temperature variationgrowth orientationNO<sub>2</sub> sensor |
| spellingShingle | Sandip M. Nikam Tanaji S. Patil Nilam A. Nimbalkar Raviraj S. Kamble Vandana R. Patil Uttam E. Mote Sadaf Jamal Gilani Sagar M. Mane Jaewoong Lee Ravindra D. Mane Annealing-Driven Modifications in ZnO Nanorod Thin Films and Their Impact on NO<sub>2</sub> Sensing Performance Micromachines ZnO nanorod array annealing temperature variation growth orientation NO<sub>2</sub> sensor |
| title | Annealing-Driven Modifications in ZnO Nanorod Thin Films and Their Impact on NO<sub>2</sub> Sensing Performance |
| title_full | Annealing-Driven Modifications in ZnO Nanorod Thin Films and Their Impact on NO<sub>2</sub> Sensing Performance |
| title_fullStr | Annealing-Driven Modifications in ZnO Nanorod Thin Films and Their Impact on NO<sub>2</sub> Sensing Performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Annealing-Driven Modifications in ZnO Nanorod Thin Films and Their Impact on NO<sub>2</sub> Sensing Performance |
| title_short | Annealing-Driven Modifications in ZnO Nanorod Thin Films and Their Impact on NO<sub>2</sub> Sensing Performance |
| title_sort | annealing driven modifications in zno nanorod thin films and their impact on no sub 2 sub sensing performance |
| topic | ZnO nanorod array annealing temperature variation growth orientation NO<sub>2</sub> sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/778 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sandipmnikam annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance AT tanajispatil annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance AT nilamanimbalkar annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance AT ravirajskamble annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance AT vandanarpatil annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance AT uttamemote annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance AT sadafjamalgilani annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance AT sagarmmane annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance AT jaewoonglee annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance AT ravindradmane annealingdrivenmodificationsinznonanorodthinfilmsandtheirimpactonnosub2subsensingperformance |