In Situ X‐Ray Microtomographic and Multiphysics Modeling Investigation of the Discharge Process and Impedance Evolution of Zn‐MnO2 Primary Alkaline Batteries
The Zn‐MnO2 primary alkaline battery (PAB) is widely utilized in low‐power and portable applications due to its low cost and favorable energy density. The accumulation of inactive materials during discharge and its effect on the capacity and internal impedance in PAB cells are investigated in this w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2025-07-01
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| Series: | ChemElectroChem |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400714 |
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| author | Giancarlo Dominador D. Sanglay Michael T. Castro Lawrence A. Limjuco Joey D. Ocon |
| author_facet | Giancarlo Dominador D. Sanglay Michael T. Castro Lawrence A. Limjuco Joey D. Ocon |
| author_sort | Giancarlo Dominador D. Sanglay |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Zn‐MnO2 primary alkaline battery (PAB) is widely utilized in low‐power and portable applications due to its low cost and favorable energy density. The accumulation of inactive materials during discharge and its effect on the capacity and internal impedance in PAB cells are investigated in this work. AA‐sized PABs are partially discharged using 25, 50, and 100 mA constant currents at 25% depth of discharge (DoD) intervals until 100% DoD. The cells are imaged via in situ X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) while the impedances are measured through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At low discharge rates, a higher capacity at 100% DoD is obtained while more inactive materials are formed, particularly ZnO throughout the Zn anode, resulting in a higher internal resistance. At higher discharge rate, oxide formation is concentrated on the anode surface, limiting access to the bulk anode—preventing further reaction, leading to a lower capacity and internal resistance. These observations are supported by multiphysics modeling simulations on the distribution of porosity, ZnO, and Zn(OH)42− and OH− ions. The observations from this work provide insights that can be useful in optimizing electrode design and maximizing cell capacity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3f90bd7f079d4620bfdf4458bab27cfb |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2196-0216 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ChemElectroChem |
| spelling | doaj-art-3f90bd7f079d4620bfdf4458bab27cfb2025-08-20T03:14:01ZengWiley-VCHChemElectroChem2196-02162025-07-011215n/an/a10.1002/celc.202400714In Situ X‐Ray Microtomographic and Multiphysics Modeling Investigation of the Discharge Process and Impedance Evolution of Zn‐MnO2 Primary Alkaline BatteriesGiancarlo Dominador D. Sanglay0Michael T. Castro1Lawrence A. Limjuco2Joey D. Ocon3Laboratory of Electrochemical Engineering (LEE) Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 PhilippinesLaboratory of Electrochemical Engineering (LEE) Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 PhilippinesLaboratory of Electrochemical Engineering (LEE) Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 PhilippinesLaboratory of Electrochemical Engineering (LEE) Department of Chemical Engineering University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City 1101 PhilippinesThe Zn‐MnO2 primary alkaline battery (PAB) is widely utilized in low‐power and portable applications due to its low cost and favorable energy density. The accumulation of inactive materials during discharge and its effect on the capacity and internal impedance in PAB cells are investigated in this work. AA‐sized PABs are partially discharged using 25, 50, and 100 mA constant currents at 25% depth of discharge (DoD) intervals until 100% DoD. The cells are imaged via in situ X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) while the impedances are measured through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At low discharge rates, a higher capacity at 100% DoD is obtained while more inactive materials are formed, particularly ZnO throughout the Zn anode, resulting in a higher internal resistance. At higher discharge rate, oxide formation is concentrated on the anode surface, limiting access to the bulk anode—preventing further reaction, leading to a lower capacity and internal resistance. These observations are supported by multiphysics modeling simulations on the distribution of porosity, ZnO, and Zn(OH)42− and OH− ions. The observations from this work provide insights that can be useful in optimizing electrode design and maximizing cell capacity.https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400714in situ X‐ray micro‐CTinterfacesmanganesemultiphysics modelzinc |
| spellingShingle | Giancarlo Dominador D. Sanglay Michael T. Castro Lawrence A. Limjuco Joey D. Ocon In Situ X‐Ray Microtomographic and Multiphysics Modeling Investigation of the Discharge Process and Impedance Evolution of Zn‐MnO2 Primary Alkaline Batteries ChemElectroChem in situ X‐ray micro‐CT interfaces manganese multiphysics model zinc |
| title | In Situ X‐Ray Microtomographic and Multiphysics Modeling Investigation of the Discharge Process and Impedance Evolution of Zn‐MnO2 Primary Alkaline Batteries |
| title_full | In Situ X‐Ray Microtomographic and Multiphysics Modeling Investigation of the Discharge Process and Impedance Evolution of Zn‐MnO2 Primary Alkaline Batteries |
| title_fullStr | In Situ X‐Ray Microtomographic and Multiphysics Modeling Investigation of the Discharge Process and Impedance Evolution of Zn‐MnO2 Primary Alkaline Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Situ X‐Ray Microtomographic and Multiphysics Modeling Investigation of the Discharge Process and Impedance Evolution of Zn‐MnO2 Primary Alkaline Batteries |
| title_short | In Situ X‐Ray Microtomographic and Multiphysics Modeling Investigation of the Discharge Process and Impedance Evolution of Zn‐MnO2 Primary Alkaline Batteries |
| title_sort | in situ x ray microtomographic and multiphysics modeling investigation of the discharge process and impedance evolution of zn mno2 primary alkaline batteries |
| topic | in situ X‐ray micro‐CT interfaces manganese multiphysics model zinc |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400714 |
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