In Situ X‐Ray Microtomographic and Multiphysics Modeling Investigation of the Discharge Process and Impedance Evolution of Zn‐MnO2 Primary Alkaline Batteries
The Zn‐MnO2 primary alkaline battery (PAB) is widely utilized in low‐power and portable applications due to its low cost and favorable energy density. The accumulation of inactive materials during discharge and its effect on the capacity and internal impedance in PAB cells are investigated in this w...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley-VCH
2025-07-01
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| Series: | ChemElectroChem |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202400714 |
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| Summary: | The Zn‐MnO2 primary alkaline battery (PAB) is widely utilized in low‐power and portable applications due to its low cost and favorable energy density. The accumulation of inactive materials during discharge and its effect on the capacity and internal impedance in PAB cells are investigated in this work. AA‐sized PABs are partially discharged using 25, 50, and 100 mA constant currents at 25% depth of discharge (DoD) intervals until 100% DoD. The cells are imaged via in situ X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) while the impedances are measured through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. At low discharge rates, a higher capacity at 100% DoD is obtained while more inactive materials are formed, particularly ZnO throughout the Zn anode, resulting in a higher internal resistance. At higher discharge rate, oxide formation is concentrated on the anode surface, limiting access to the bulk anode—preventing further reaction, leading to a lower capacity and internal resistance. These observations are supported by multiphysics modeling simulations on the distribution of porosity, ZnO, and Zn(OH)42− and OH− ions. The observations from this work provide insights that can be useful in optimizing electrode design and maximizing cell capacity. |
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| ISSN: | 2196-0216 |