Exploring nursing students’ emotional experiences of patient cardiac arrest in the operating room: a descriptive phenomenological study

Abstract Background Witnessing cardiac arrest in the operating room presents significant emotional challenges for nursing students. As future healthcare providers, they must cultivate resilience while preserving empathy. Understanding their emotional responses during such critical events is essentia...

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Main Authors: Fatemeh Hesami, Zahra Yousefi, Mobin Mottahedi, Hossein Bagheri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Medical Education
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07475-2
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author Fatemeh Hesami
Zahra Yousefi
Mobin Mottahedi
Hossein Bagheri
author_facet Fatemeh Hesami
Zahra Yousefi
Mobin Mottahedi
Hossein Bagheri
author_sort Fatemeh Hesami
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Witnessing cardiac arrest in the operating room presents significant emotional challenges for nursing students. As future healthcare providers, they must cultivate resilience while preserving empathy. Understanding their emotional responses during such critical events is essential to enhancing clinical education and developing effective psychological support systems. Aim This study aimed to explore and describe the emotional experiences of nursing students who witnessed intraoperative cardiac arrest events, with the objective of informing educational and support strategies within high-stress clinical environments. Methods A qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenological approach was conducted with fourteen final-year nursing students from Iran, purposively selected until data saturation. Participants had experienced at least one intraoperative cardiac arrest and were screened for mental well-being. Data were gathered through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Strategies to ensure trustworthiness included Lincoln and Guba’s criteria—credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability—as well as bracketing, member-checking, and expert review. Results Seventy initial codes were extracted and organized into eleven sub-themes and four overarching themes: (1) Emotional Turmoil and Psychological Impact, (2) Professional Identity Formation, (3) Coping Mechanisms and Support Systems, and (4) Lessons for Clinical Practice. Conclusions Intraoperative cardiac arrest elicits intense emotional reactions and identity-related struggles among nursing students. Incorporating structured debriefing, high-fidelity simulation with emotional components, and mentorship into clinical training could help transform these distressing experiences into valuable opportunities for resilience-building. Such interventions are critical for supporting students’ emotional development and improving the quality of patient care. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-3f909efd503747a6bd41d174cf6c7c5d2025-08-20T03:03:28ZengBMCBMC Medical Education1472-69202025-07-0125111010.1186/s12909-025-07475-2Exploring nursing students’ emotional experiences of patient cardiac arrest in the operating room: a descriptive phenomenological studyFatemeh Hesami0Zahra Yousefi1Mobin Mottahedi2Hossein Bagheri3Student Research Committee, School of Paramedicine, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Operating Room, School of Allied Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Operating Room, School of Allied Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Witnessing cardiac arrest in the operating room presents significant emotional challenges for nursing students. As future healthcare providers, they must cultivate resilience while preserving empathy. Understanding their emotional responses during such critical events is essential to enhancing clinical education and developing effective psychological support systems. Aim This study aimed to explore and describe the emotional experiences of nursing students who witnessed intraoperative cardiac arrest events, with the objective of informing educational and support strategies within high-stress clinical environments. Methods A qualitative study using a descriptive phenomenological approach was conducted with fourteen final-year nursing students from Iran, purposively selected until data saturation. Participants had experienced at least one intraoperative cardiac arrest and were screened for mental well-being. Data were gathered through semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method. Strategies to ensure trustworthiness included Lincoln and Guba’s criteria—credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability—as well as bracketing, member-checking, and expert review. Results Seventy initial codes were extracted and organized into eleven sub-themes and four overarching themes: (1) Emotional Turmoil and Psychological Impact, (2) Professional Identity Formation, (3) Coping Mechanisms and Support Systems, and (4) Lessons for Clinical Practice. Conclusions Intraoperative cardiac arrest elicits intense emotional reactions and identity-related struggles among nursing students. Incorporating structured debriefing, high-fidelity simulation with emotional components, and mentorship into clinical training could help transform these distressing experiences into valuable opportunities for resilience-building. Such interventions are critical for supporting students’ emotional development and improving the quality of patient care. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07475-2Cardiac arrestNursing studentsOperating roomEmotional experiencePhenomenologyQualitative research
spellingShingle Fatemeh Hesami
Zahra Yousefi
Mobin Mottahedi
Hossein Bagheri
Exploring nursing students’ emotional experiences of patient cardiac arrest in the operating room: a descriptive phenomenological study
BMC Medical Education
Cardiac arrest
Nursing students
Operating room
Emotional experience
Phenomenology
Qualitative research
title Exploring nursing students’ emotional experiences of patient cardiac arrest in the operating room: a descriptive phenomenological study
title_full Exploring nursing students’ emotional experiences of patient cardiac arrest in the operating room: a descriptive phenomenological study
title_fullStr Exploring nursing students’ emotional experiences of patient cardiac arrest in the operating room: a descriptive phenomenological study
title_full_unstemmed Exploring nursing students’ emotional experiences of patient cardiac arrest in the operating room: a descriptive phenomenological study
title_short Exploring nursing students’ emotional experiences of patient cardiac arrest in the operating room: a descriptive phenomenological study
title_sort exploring nursing students emotional experiences of patient cardiac arrest in the operating room a descriptive phenomenological study
topic Cardiac arrest
Nursing students
Operating room
Emotional experience
Phenomenology
Qualitative research
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07475-2
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