Properties of a Static Dipolar Impurity in a 2D Dipolar BEC
We study a system of ultra-cold dipolar Bose gas atoms confined in a two-dimensional (2D) harmonic trap with a dipolar impurity implanted at the center of the trap. Due to recent experimental progress in dipolar condensates, we focused on calculating properties of dipolar impurity systems that might...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Neelam Shukla Jeremy R. Armstrong |
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| description | We study a system of ultra-cold dipolar Bose gas atoms confined in a two-dimensional (2D) harmonic trap with a dipolar impurity implanted at the center of the trap. Due to recent experimental progress in dipolar condensates, we focused on calculating properties of dipolar impurity systems that might guide experimentalists if they choose to study impurities in dipolar gases. We used the Gross–Pitaevskii formalism solved numerically via the split-step Crank–Nicolson method. We chose parameters of the background gas to be consistent with dysprosium (Dy), one of the strongest magnetic dipoles and of current experimental interest, and used chromium (Cr), erbium (Er), terbium (Tb), and Dy for the impurity. The dipole moments were aligned by an external field along what was chosen to be the <i>z</i>-axis, and we studied 2D confinements that were perpendicular or parallel to the external field. We show density contour plots for the two confinements, 1D cross-sections of the densities, calculated self-energies of the impurities while varying both number of atoms in the condensate and the symmetry of the trap. We also calculated the time evolution of the density of an initially pure system where an impurity is introduced. Our results show that while the self-energy increases in magnitude with increasing number of particles, it is reduced when the trap anisotropy follows the natural anisotropy of the gas, i.e., elongated along the <i>z</i>-axis in the case of parallel confinement. This work builds upon work conducted in Bose gases with zero-range interactions and demonstrates some of the features that could be found when exploring dipolar impurities in 2D Bose gases. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-3f8f2b97c9544c0495e515eb236786ea2025-08-20T03:43:26ZengMDPI AGAtoms2218-20042025-03-011332410.3390/atoms13030024Properties of a Static Dipolar Impurity in a 2D Dipolar BECNeelam Shukla0Jeremy R. Armstrong1Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USADepartment of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USAWe study a system of ultra-cold dipolar Bose gas atoms confined in a two-dimensional (2D) harmonic trap with a dipolar impurity implanted at the center of the trap. Due to recent experimental progress in dipolar condensates, we focused on calculating properties of dipolar impurity systems that might guide experimentalists if they choose to study impurities in dipolar gases. We used the Gross–Pitaevskii formalism solved numerically via the split-step Crank–Nicolson method. We chose parameters of the background gas to be consistent with dysprosium (Dy), one of the strongest magnetic dipoles and of current experimental interest, and used chromium (Cr), erbium (Er), terbium (Tb), and Dy for the impurity. The dipole moments were aligned by an external field along what was chosen to be the <i>z</i>-axis, and we studied 2D confinements that were perpendicular or parallel to the external field. We show density contour plots for the two confinements, 1D cross-sections of the densities, calculated self-energies of the impurities while varying both number of atoms in the condensate and the symmetry of the trap. We also calculated the time evolution of the density of an initially pure system where an impurity is introduced. Our results show that while the self-energy increases in magnitude with increasing number of particles, it is reduced when the trap anisotropy follows the natural anisotropy of the gas, i.e., elongated along the <i>z</i>-axis in the case of parallel confinement. This work builds upon work conducted in Bose gases with zero-range interactions and demonstrates some of the features that could be found when exploring dipolar impurities in 2D Bose gases.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/13/3/24Bose-Einstein condensatesdipolar gasesdipolar impurities |
| spellingShingle | Neelam Shukla Jeremy R. Armstrong Properties of a Static Dipolar Impurity in a 2D Dipolar BEC Atoms Bose-Einstein condensates dipolar gases dipolar impurities |
| title | Properties of a Static Dipolar Impurity in a 2D Dipolar BEC |
| title_full | Properties of a Static Dipolar Impurity in a 2D Dipolar BEC |
| title_fullStr | Properties of a Static Dipolar Impurity in a 2D Dipolar BEC |
| title_full_unstemmed | Properties of a Static Dipolar Impurity in a 2D Dipolar BEC |
| title_short | Properties of a Static Dipolar Impurity in a 2D Dipolar BEC |
| title_sort | properties of a static dipolar impurity in a 2d dipolar bec |
| topic | Bose-Einstein condensates dipolar gases dipolar impurities |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/13/3/24 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT neelamshukla propertiesofastaticdipolarimpurityina2ddipolarbec AT jeremyrarmstrong propertiesofastaticdipolarimpurityina2ddipolarbec |