Contrasting stability of fungal and bacterial communities during long-term decomposition of fungal necromass in Arctic tundra

Abstract Decomposition is a crucial process in terrestrial ecosystems, driving nutrient cycling and carbon storage dynamics. Considering the amount of fungal necromass produced in soils annually, its decomposition represents an important nutrient recycling process. Understanding the decomposition dy...

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Main Authors: Andrea Moravcová, Florian Barbi, Camelia Algora, Gabriele Tosadori, Petr Macek, Jana Albrechtová, Petr Baldrian, Petr Kohout
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Environmental Microbiome
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00730-5
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author Andrea Moravcová
Florian Barbi
Camelia Algora
Gabriele Tosadori
Petr Macek
Jana Albrechtová
Petr Baldrian
Petr Kohout
author_facet Andrea Moravcová
Florian Barbi
Camelia Algora
Gabriele Tosadori
Petr Macek
Jana Albrechtová
Petr Baldrian
Petr Kohout
author_sort Andrea Moravcová
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Decomposition is a crucial process in terrestrial ecosystems, driving nutrient cycling and carbon storage dynamics. Considering the amount of fungal necromass produced in soils annually, its decomposition represents an important nutrient recycling process. Understanding the decomposition dynamics and associated microbial communities of fungal necromass is essential for elucidating ecosystem functioning, especially in environmentally sensitive regions such as the Arctic tundra, which remain under-explored. In a three-year field experiment conducted in the Svalbard archipelago, we investigated the decomposition of two types of fungal necromass with differing biochemical properties. We studied the decomposition rate, changes in chemical composition, and the succession of fungal and bacterial communities associated with the decaying fungal necromass. We discovered that up to 20% of fungal necromass remained even after three years of decomposition, indicating that the decomposition process was incomplete. Our results indicate the crucial role of Pseudogymnoascus in decomposing low-quality, highly melanized necromass with a high C:N ratio in Arctic soils, underscoring its importance in carbon cycling in the Arctic tundra. Notably, we observed dynamic changes in bacterial communities, with increasing richness over time and a shift from copiotrophic to oligotrophic species specializing in decomposing recalcitrant material. Our study indicates the strong potential that fungal necromass can play in carbon sequestration of arctic soils and reveals the distinct dynamics between rather stable fungal and rapidly changing bacterial communities associated with the decomposing fungal necromass in the Arctic tundra. These findings enhance our understanding of microbial succession during decomposition in extreme environments and highlight the potentially differing roles of fungi and bacteria in these processes.
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spelling doaj-art-3f462cb2a96142128fd56c0ce4fa65df2025-08-20T03:22:57ZengBMCEnvironmental Microbiome2524-63722025-06-0120111410.1186/s40793-025-00730-5Contrasting stability of fungal and bacterial communities during long-term decomposition of fungal necromass in Arctic tundraAndrea Moravcová0Florian Barbi1Camelia Algora2Gabriele Tosadori3Petr Macek4Jana Albrechtová5Petr Baldrian6Petr Kohout7Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesLaboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesLaboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSICLaboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesBiology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of HydrobiologyDepartment of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityLaboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesLaboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesAbstract Decomposition is a crucial process in terrestrial ecosystems, driving nutrient cycling and carbon storage dynamics. Considering the amount of fungal necromass produced in soils annually, its decomposition represents an important nutrient recycling process. Understanding the decomposition dynamics and associated microbial communities of fungal necromass is essential for elucidating ecosystem functioning, especially in environmentally sensitive regions such as the Arctic tundra, which remain under-explored. In a three-year field experiment conducted in the Svalbard archipelago, we investigated the decomposition of two types of fungal necromass with differing biochemical properties. We studied the decomposition rate, changes in chemical composition, and the succession of fungal and bacterial communities associated with the decaying fungal necromass. We discovered that up to 20% of fungal necromass remained even after three years of decomposition, indicating that the decomposition process was incomplete. Our results indicate the crucial role of Pseudogymnoascus in decomposing low-quality, highly melanized necromass with a high C:N ratio in Arctic soils, underscoring its importance in carbon cycling in the Arctic tundra. Notably, we observed dynamic changes in bacterial communities, with increasing richness over time and a shift from copiotrophic to oligotrophic species specializing in decomposing recalcitrant material. Our study indicates the strong potential that fungal necromass can play in carbon sequestration of arctic soils and reveals the distinct dynamics between rather stable fungal and rapidly changing bacterial communities associated with the decomposing fungal necromass in the Arctic tundra. These findings enhance our understanding of microbial succession during decomposition in extreme environments and highlight the potentially differing roles of fungi and bacteria in these processes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00730-5Fungal necromassDecompositionArctic tundraFungal communitiesBacterial communities
spellingShingle Andrea Moravcová
Florian Barbi
Camelia Algora
Gabriele Tosadori
Petr Macek
Jana Albrechtová
Petr Baldrian
Petr Kohout
Contrasting stability of fungal and bacterial communities during long-term decomposition of fungal necromass in Arctic tundra
Environmental Microbiome
Fungal necromass
Decomposition
Arctic tundra
Fungal communities
Bacterial communities
title Contrasting stability of fungal and bacterial communities during long-term decomposition of fungal necromass in Arctic tundra
title_full Contrasting stability of fungal and bacterial communities during long-term decomposition of fungal necromass in Arctic tundra
title_fullStr Contrasting stability of fungal and bacterial communities during long-term decomposition of fungal necromass in Arctic tundra
title_full_unstemmed Contrasting stability of fungal and bacterial communities during long-term decomposition of fungal necromass in Arctic tundra
title_short Contrasting stability of fungal and bacterial communities during long-term decomposition of fungal necromass in Arctic tundra
title_sort contrasting stability of fungal and bacterial communities during long term decomposition of fungal necromass in arctic tundra
topic Fungal necromass
Decomposition
Arctic tundra
Fungal communities
Bacterial communities
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00730-5
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