Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with dysfunctional ovulation affecting female fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between gonadotropin (Gn) duration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH anta...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shan Xiao, Su Liu, Ling Hong, Zhiqiang Liu, Rui Jia, Hongzhan Zhang, Meilan Mo, TuRui Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06217-0
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849238838448226304
author Shan Xiao
Su Liu
Ling Hong
Zhiqiang Liu
Rui Jia
Hongzhan Zhang
Meilan Mo
TuRui Yang
author_facet Shan Xiao
Su Liu
Ling Hong
Zhiqiang Liu
Rui Jia
Hongzhan Zhang
Meilan Mo
TuRui Yang
author_sort Shan Xiao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with dysfunctional ovulation affecting female fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between gonadotropin (Gn) duration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist treatment. Retrospective cohort study at a large private fertility practice. Patients with PCOS undergoing the GnRHantagonist treatment between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2021 were included. Patients were classified into two groups depending on their Gn duration, ≤ 8 days (n = 501) and >8 days (n = 1326). After propensity score matching (PSM), there were 87 PCOS women with Gn duration ≤ 8 days and 137 PCOS women with Gn duration >8 days in the fresh embryo transfer cycle. The primary outcomes measures included the clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, early miscarriage and live birth rate between the two groups after fresh embryo transfer. In addition, the embryo quality was also evaluated. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between groups. However, the total Gn dosage was lower in PCOS women in the ≤ 8 days group. In addition, the oocytes retrieved and D3 high quality embryos were compared between groups. However, the number of 2PN embryos was decreased in the group with Gn duration ≤ 8 days. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rate were significantly decreased in the ≤ 8 days group in fresh embryo transfer (52.87% vs. % 68.61%, 43.68% vs. 59.12%). After logistic regression, PCOS women with Gn duration ≤ 8 days were associated with poor clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. PCOS women with shorter Gn duration (≤ 8 days) were not associated with impaired embryo outcomes except for 2PN embryos in GnRH antagonist protocol. However, the shorter Gn stimulation was detrimental to clinical pregnancy outcomes in fresh embryo transfer cycle.
format Article
id doaj-art-3f0fa9ec3b2a4d708c09604c9d793ede
institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-3f0fa9ec3b2a4d708c09604c9d793ede2025-08-20T04:01:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511810.1038/s41598-025-06217-0Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort studyShan Xiao0Su Liu1Ling Hong2Zhiqiang Liu3Rui Jia4Hongzhan Zhang5Meilan Mo6TuRui Yang7Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with dysfunctional ovulation affecting female fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between gonadotropin (Gn) duration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist treatment. Retrospective cohort study at a large private fertility practice. Patients with PCOS undergoing the GnRHantagonist treatment between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2021 were included. Patients were classified into two groups depending on their Gn duration, ≤ 8 days (n = 501) and >8 days (n = 1326). After propensity score matching (PSM), there were 87 PCOS women with Gn duration ≤ 8 days and 137 PCOS women with Gn duration >8 days in the fresh embryo transfer cycle. The primary outcomes measures included the clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, early miscarriage and live birth rate between the two groups after fresh embryo transfer. In addition, the embryo quality was also evaluated. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between groups. However, the total Gn dosage was lower in PCOS women in the ≤ 8 days group. In addition, the oocytes retrieved and D3 high quality embryos were compared between groups. However, the number of 2PN embryos was decreased in the group with Gn duration ≤ 8 days. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rate were significantly decreased in the ≤ 8 days group in fresh embryo transfer (52.87% vs. % 68.61%, 43.68% vs. 59.12%). After logistic regression, PCOS women with Gn duration ≤ 8 days were associated with poor clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. PCOS women with shorter Gn duration (≤ 8 days) were not associated with impaired embryo outcomes except for 2PN embryos in GnRH antagonist protocol. However, the shorter Gn stimulation was detrimental to clinical pregnancy outcomes in fresh embryo transfer cycle.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06217-0PCOSIn vitro fertilizationGnRHantagonistOvarian stimulationPregnancy outcomes
spellingShingle Shan Xiao
Su Liu
Ling Hong
Zhiqiang Liu
Rui Jia
Hongzhan Zhang
Meilan Mo
TuRui Yang
Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study
Scientific Reports
PCOS
In vitro fertilization
GnRHantagonist
Ovarian stimulation
Pregnancy outcomes
title Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study
title_full Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study
title_short Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in pcos women undergoing gnrh antagonist protocol a retrospective cohort study
topic PCOS
In vitro fertilization
GnRHantagonist
Ovarian stimulation
Pregnancy outcomes
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06217-0
work_keys_str_mv AT shanxiao shorterovarianstimulationisdetrimentaltofreshembryotransferoutcomesinpcoswomenundergoinggnrhantagonistprotocolaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT suliu shorterovarianstimulationisdetrimentaltofreshembryotransferoutcomesinpcoswomenundergoinggnrhantagonistprotocolaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT linghong shorterovarianstimulationisdetrimentaltofreshembryotransferoutcomesinpcoswomenundergoinggnrhantagonistprotocolaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT zhiqiangliu shorterovarianstimulationisdetrimentaltofreshembryotransferoutcomesinpcoswomenundergoinggnrhantagonistprotocolaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT ruijia shorterovarianstimulationisdetrimentaltofreshembryotransferoutcomesinpcoswomenundergoinggnrhantagonistprotocolaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT hongzhanzhang shorterovarianstimulationisdetrimentaltofreshembryotransferoutcomesinpcoswomenundergoinggnrhantagonistprotocolaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT meilanmo shorterovarianstimulationisdetrimentaltofreshembryotransferoutcomesinpcoswomenundergoinggnrhantagonistprotocolaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT turuiyang shorterovarianstimulationisdetrimentaltofreshembryotransferoutcomesinpcoswomenundergoinggnrhantagonistprotocolaretrospectivecohortstudy