Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study
Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with dysfunctional ovulation affecting female fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between gonadotropin (Gn) duration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH anta...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| author | Shan Xiao Su Liu Ling Hong Zhiqiang Liu Rui Jia Hongzhan Zhang Meilan Mo TuRui Yang |
| author_facet | Shan Xiao Su Liu Ling Hong Zhiqiang Liu Rui Jia Hongzhan Zhang Meilan Mo TuRui Yang |
| author_sort | Shan Xiao |
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| description | Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with dysfunctional ovulation affecting female fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between gonadotropin (Gn) duration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist treatment. Retrospective cohort study at a large private fertility practice. Patients with PCOS undergoing the GnRHantagonist treatment between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2021 were included. Patients were classified into two groups depending on their Gn duration, ≤ 8 days (n = 501) and >8 days (n = 1326). After propensity score matching (PSM), there were 87 PCOS women with Gn duration ≤ 8 days and 137 PCOS women with Gn duration >8 days in the fresh embryo transfer cycle. The primary outcomes measures included the clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, early miscarriage and live birth rate between the two groups after fresh embryo transfer. In addition, the embryo quality was also evaluated. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between groups. However, the total Gn dosage was lower in PCOS women in the ≤ 8 days group. In addition, the oocytes retrieved and D3 high quality embryos were compared between groups. However, the number of 2PN embryos was decreased in the group with Gn duration ≤ 8 days. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rate were significantly decreased in the ≤ 8 days group in fresh embryo transfer (52.87% vs. % 68.61%, 43.68% vs. 59.12%). After logistic regression, PCOS women with Gn duration ≤ 8 days were associated with poor clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. PCOS women with shorter Gn duration (≤ 8 days) were not associated with impaired embryo outcomes except for 2PN embryos in GnRH antagonist protocol. However, the shorter Gn stimulation was detrimental to clinical pregnancy outcomes in fresh embryo transfer cycle. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-3f0fa9ec3b2a4d708c09604c9d793ede2025-08-20T04:01:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511810.1038/s41598-025-06217-0Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort studyShan Xiao0Su Liu1Ling Hong2Zhiqiang Liu3Rui Jia4Hongzhan Zhang5Meilan Mo6TuRui Yang7Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Reproductive Immunology for Peri-implantation, Shenzhen Zhongshan Institute for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital)Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder with dysfunctional ovulation affecting female fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between gonadotropin (Gn) duration and in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist treatment. Retrospective cohort study at a large private fertility practice. Patients with PCOS undergoing the GnRHantagonist treatment between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2021 were included. Patients were classified into two groups depending on their Gn duration, ≤ 8 days (n = 501) and >8 days (n = 1326). After propensity score matching (PSM), there were 87 PCOS women with Gn duration ≤ 8 days and 137 PCOS women with Gn duration >8 days in the fresh embryo transfer cycle. The primary outcomes measures included the clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, early miscarriage and live birth rate between the two groups after fresh embryo transfer. In addition, the embryo quality was also evaluated. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between groups. However, the total Gn dosage was lower in PCOS women in the ≤ 8 days group. In addition, the oocytes retrieved and D3 high quality embryos were compared between groups. However, the number of 2PN embryos was decreased in the group with Gn duration ≤ 8 days. The clinical pregnancy and live birth rate were significantly decreased in the ≤ 8 days group in fresh embryo transfer (52.87% vs. % 68.61%, 43.68% vs. 59.12%). After logistic regression, PCOS women with Gn duration ≤ 8 days were associated with poor clinical pregnancy and live birth rate. PCOS women with shorter Gn duration (≤ 8 days) were not associated with impaired embryo outcomes except for 2PN embryos in GnRH antagonist protocol. However, the shorter Gn stimulation was detrimental to clinical pregnancy outcomes in fresh embryo transfer cycle.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06217-0PCOSIn vitro fertilizationGnRHantagonistOvarian stimulationPregnancy outcomes |
| spellingShingle | Shan Xiao Su Liu Ling Hong Zhiqiang Liu Rui Jia Hongzhan Zhang Meilan Mo TuRui Yang Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study Scientific Reports PCOS In vitro fertilization GnRHantagonist Ovarian stimulation Pregnancy outcomes |
| title | Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_full | Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_short | Shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in PCOS women undergoing GnRH antagonist protocol: a retrospective cohort study |
| title_sort | shorter ovarian stimulation is detrimental to fresh embryo transfer outcomes in pcos women undergoing gnrh antagonist protocol a retrospective cohort study |
| topic | PCOS In vitro fertilization GnRHantagonist Ovarian stimulation Pregnancy outcomes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06217-0 |
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