Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory diagnostic tests for pediatric TB
BACKGROUND: Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory tests are essential for early TB detection and timely treatment in children. METHODS: A mini-review was conducted from January 2022 to May 2024, evaluating five studies on non-sputum-based assays for childhood TB diagnosis. Both Microbiological an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union)
2025-03-01
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| Series: | IJTLD Open |
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| Online Access: | https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iuatld/ijtldo/2025/00000002/00000003/art00006 |
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| author | A. Drane A. Molkenthin M. Gassama S. Pouzol P. Vanhems J. Hoffmann |
| author_facet | A. Drane A. Molkenthin M. Gassama S. Pouzol P. Vanhems J. Hoffmann |
| author_sort | A. Drane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND: Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory tests are essential for early TB detection and timely treatment in children. METHODS: A mini-review was conducted from January 2022 to May 2024, evaluating five studies on non-sputum-based assays for childhood TB diagnosis. Both Microbiological and Clinical Reference Standards were used to assess diagnostic accuracy and triage potential. RESULTS: Among the confirmatory tests, only the gastric aspiration test with cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification tests (CBNAAT) met the WHO Target Product Profile criteria. However, this method remains invasive and is not suitable for point-of-care testing. Urine testing by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or C-ELISA (BJ76/A194) demonstrated high performance but lacked point-of-care applicability in resource-limited settings. Stool testing with CBNAAT is a viable alternative with high specificity but low sensitivity. For triage, urine lipoarabinomannan tests and blood MTB-HR tests show promise based on specificity, practicality, cost, and turnaround time. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the performance of non-sputum-based assays for childhood TB and their potential as triage tools. While some other innovations show promise for the triage and/or diagnosis of TB in adults, further studies are needed to evaluate the performance of these tests in pediatric populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3ef24e59f83548ec90b1d8af811a577c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 3005-7590 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IJTLD Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-3ef24e59f83548ec90b1d8af811a577c2025-08-20T02:57:03ZengInternational Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union)IJTLD Open3005-75902025-03-012315315910.5588/ijtldopen.24.04846Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory diagnostic tests for pediatric TBA. Drane0A. Molkenthin1M. Gassama2S. Pouzol3P. Vanhems4J. Hoffmann5George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA;Mérieux Foundation USA, Washington, DC, USA;George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA;Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France;Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France;Fondation Mérieux, Lyon, France;BACKGROUND: Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory tests are essential for early TB detection and timely treatment in children. METHODS: A mini-review was conducted from January 2022 to May 2024, evaluating five studies on non-sputum-based assays for childhood TB diagnosis. Both Microbiological and Clinical Reference Standards were used to assess diagnostic accuracy and triage potential. RESULTS: Among the confirmatory tests, only the gastric aspiration test with cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification tests (CBNAAT) met the WHO Target Product Profile criteria. However, this method remains invasive and is not suitable for point-of-care testing. Urine testing by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or C-ELISA (BJ76/A194) demonstrated high performance but lacked point-of-care applicability in resource-limited settings. Stool testing with CBNAAT is a viable alternative with high specificity but low sensitivity. For triage, urine lipoarabinomannan tests and blood MTB-HR tests show promise based on specificity, practicality, cost, and turnaround time. CONCLUSION: This review highlights the performance of non-sputum-based assays for childhood TB and their potential as triage tools. While some other innovations show promise for the triage and/or diagnosis of TB in adults, further studies are needed to evaluate the performance of these tests in pediatric populations.https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iuatld/ijtldo/2025/00000002/00000003/art00006tuberculosispediatric tbnon-sputum diagnosticstriagediagnostics |
| spellingShingle | A. Drane A. Molkenthin M. Gassama S. Pouzol P. Vanhems J. Hoffmann Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory diagnostic tests for pediatric TB IJTLD Open tuberculosis pediatric tb non-sputum diagnostics triage diagnostics |
| title | Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory diagnostic tests for pediatric TB |
| title_full | Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory diagnostic tests for pediatric TB |
| title_fullStr | Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory diagnostic tests for pediatric TB |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory diagnostic tests for pediatric TB |
| title_short | Non-sputum-based triage and confirmatory diagnostic tests for pediatric TB |
| title_sort | non sputum based triage and confirmatory diagnostic tests for pediatric tb |
| topic | tuberculosis pediatric tb non-sputum diagnostics triage diagnostics |
| url | https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/iuatld/ijtldo/2025/00000002/00000003/art00006 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adrane nonsputumbasedtriageandconfirmatorydiagnostictestsforpediatrictb AT amolkenthin nonsputumbasedtriageandconfirmatorydiagnostictestsforpediatrictb AT mgassama nonsputumbasedtriageandconfirmatorydiagnostictestsforpediatrictb AT spouzol nonsputumbasedtriageandconfirmatorydiagnostictestsforpediatrictb AT pvanhems nonsputumbasedtriageandconfirmatorydiagnostictestsforpediatrictb AT jhoffmann nonsputumbasedtriageandconfirmatorydiagnostictestsforpediatrictb |