Fundamental Parameters for Central Stars of 103 Infrared Bow Shock Nebulae

Stellar bow shock nebulae are arcuate shock fronts formed by the interaction of radiation-driven stellar winds and the relative motion of the ambient interstellar material. Stellar bow shock nebulae provide a promising means to measure wind-driven mass loss, independent of other established methods....

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Main Authors: Nikhil Patten, Henry A. Kobulnicky, Matthew S. Povich, Angelica S. Whisnant, Sydney Andrews, Alexandra Boone, Srujan Dandu, Naomi Jones, S. Nick Justice, Dylan Hope, Alexander Larsen, Ryan McCrory, Julia Meredith, Maria Renee Meza, Alexandra C. Rosenthal, William Salazar, Alexander R. Sterling, Noshin Yesmin, Daniel A. Dale
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade22f
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Summary:Stellar bow shock nebulae are arcuate shock fronts formed by the interaction of radiation-driven stellar winds and the relative motion of the ambient interstellar material. Stellar bow shock nebulae provide a promising means to measure wind-driven mass loss, independent of other established methods. In this work, we characterize the stellar sources at the center of bow shock nebulae drawn from all-sky catalogs of 24 μ m–selected nebulae. We obtain new, low-resolution blue optical spectra for 104 stars and measure stellar parameters temperature T _eff , surface gravity ${\mathrm{log}}\,g$ , and projected rotational broadening $v\sin i$ . We perform additional photometric analysis to measure stellar radius R _* , luminosity L _* , and visual-band extinction A _V . All but one of our targets are O and early B stars, with temperatures ranging from T = 16.5 to 46.8 kK, gravities from ${\mathrm{log}}\,g=$ 2.57 to 4.60, and $v\sin i$ from <100 to 400 km s ^−1 . With the exception of rapid rotator ζ Oph, bow shock stars do not rotate at or near critical velocities. At least 60 of 103 (60%) OB bow shock stars are binaries, consistent with the multiplicity fraction of other OB samples. The sample shows a runaway fraction of 23%, with 19 stars having v _2D ≥ 25 km s ^−1 . Of the 19 runaways, at least 15 (≥79%) are binaries, favoring dynamical ejection over the binary supernova channel for producing runaways. We provide a comprehensive census of stellar parameters for bow shock stars, useful as a foundation for determining the mass-loss rates for OB-type stars—one of the single most critical factors in stellar evolution governing the production of neutron stars and black holes.
ISSN:1538-4357