Influence of Yttria Nanoclusters on the Void Nucleation in BCC Iron During Multi-Axial Tensile Deformation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels are among the most promising candidate structural materials for fusion and Generation-IV (Gen-IV) fission reactors, but the ductility of ODS steels is inferior to its strength properties. Therefore, we investigate void nucleation, considered as the first st...

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Main Authors: Zhenyu Wei, Yongjie Sun, Yeshang Hu, Lei Peng, Jingyi Shi, Yifan Shi, Shangming Chen, Yiyi Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Crystals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/5/476
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author Zhenyu Wei
Yongjie Sun
Yeshang Hu
Lei Peng
Jingyi Shi
Yifan Shi
Shangming Chen
Yiyi Ma
author_facet Zhenyu Wei
Yongjie Sun
Yeshang Hu
Lei Peng
Jingyi Shi
Yifan Shi
Shangming Chen
Yiyi Ma
author_sort Zhenyu Wei
collection DOAJ
description Oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels are among the most promising candidate structural materials for fusion and Generation-IV (Gen-IV) fission reactors, but the ductility of ODS steels is inferior to its strength properties. Therefore, we investigate void nucleation, considered as the first step of ductile damage in metal, using molecular dynamics simulations. Given that the materials are subjected to extremely complex stress states within the reactor, we present the void nucleation process of 1–4 nm Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoclusters in bcc iron during uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial tensile deformation. We find that the void nucleation process is divided into two stages depending on whether the dislocations are emitted. Void nucleation occurs at smaller strain in biaxial and triaxial tensile deformation in comparation to uniaxial tensile deformation. Increasing the size of clusters results in a smaller strain for void nucleation. The influence of 1 nm clusters on the process of void nucleation is slight, and the void nucleation process of 1 nm cluster cases is similar to that of pure iron. In addition, void nucleation is affected by both stress and strain concentration around the clusters, and the voids grow first in the areas of high stress triaxiality.
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spelling doaj-art-3ee464888c20428a959706ea4df3a1e32025-08-20T01:56:23ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-05-0115547610.3390/cryst15050476Influence of Yttria Nanoclusters on the Void Nucleation in BCC Iron During Multi-Axial Tensile Deformation: A Molecular Dynamics SimulationZhenyu Wei0Yongjie Sun1Yeshang Hu2Lei Peng3Jingyi Shi4Yifan Shi5Shangming Chen6Yiyi Ma7School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, ChinaOxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels are among the most promising candidate structural materials for fusion and Generation-IV (Gen-IV) fission reactors, but the ductility of ODS steels is inferior to its strength properties. Therefore, we investigate void nucleation, considered as the first step of ductile damage in metal, using molecular dynamics simulations. Given that the materials are subjected to extremely complex stress states within the reactor, we present the void nucleation process of 1–4 nm Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoclusters in bcc iron during uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial tensile deformation. We find that the void nucleation process is divided into two stages depending on whether the dislocations are emitted. Void nucleation occurs at smaller strain in biaxial and triaxial tensile deformation in comparation to uniaxial tensile deformation. Increasing the size of clusters results in a smaller strain for void nucleation. The influence of 1 nm clusters on the process of void nucleation is slight, and the void nucleation process of 1 nm cluster cases is similar to that of pure iron. In addition, void nucleation is affected by both stress and strain concentration around the clusters, and the voids grow first in the areas of high stress triaxiality.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/5/476ODS steelsvoid nucleationmulti-axial tensionmolecular dynamics
spellingShingle Zhenyu Wei
Yongjie Sun
Yeshang Hu
Lei Peng
Jingyi Shi
Yifan Shi
Shangming Chen
Yiyi Ma
Influence of Yttria Nanoclusters on the Void Nucleation in BCC Iron During Multi-Axial Tensile Deformation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Crystals
ODS steels
void nucleation
multi-axial tension
molecular dynamics
title Influence of Yttria Nanoclusters on the Void Nucleation in BCC Iron During Multi-Axial Tensile Deformation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
title_full Influence of Yttria Nanoclusters on the Void Nucleation in BCC Iron During Multi-Axial Tensile Deformation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
title_fullStr Influence of Yttria Nanoclusters on the Void Nucleation in BCC Iron During Multi-Axial Tensile Deformation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Yttria Nanoclusters on the Void Nucleation in BCC Iron During Multi-Axial Tensile Deformation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
title_short Influence of Yttria Nanoclusters on the Void Nucleation in BCC Iron During Multi-Axial Tensile Deformation: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
title_sort influence of yttria nanoclusters on the void nucleation in bcc iron during multi axial tensile deformation a molecular dynamics simulation
topic ODS steels
void nucleation
multi-axial tension
molecular dynamics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/5/476
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