The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage

Background: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the levels of tumor markers—specifically, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Ca19-9 antigen—determined in both serum (sCEA and sCa19-9) and intraoperative peritoneal washings (pCEA and pCa19-9) and the advanced stage of gastric cancer...

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Main Authors: Michał Bąk, Magdalena Wojciech, Adrianna Pielech, Sylwia Holka, Marek Zawadzki, Dawid Murawa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2584
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author Michał Bąk
Magdalena Wojciech
Adrianna Pielech
Sylwia Holka
Marek Zawadzki
Dawid Murawa
author_facet Michał Bąk
Magdalena Wojciech
Adrianna Pielech
Sylwia Holka
Marek Zawadzki
Dawid Murawa
author_sort Michał Bąk
collection DOAJ
description Background: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the levels of tumor markers—specifically, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Ca19-9 antigen—determined in both serum (sCEA and sCa19-9) and intraoperative peritoneal washings (pCEA and pCa19-9) and the advanced stage of gastric cancer (including the occurrence of cancer cells in cytology from abdominal fluid). Methods: This study included 47 patients with histopathologically confirmed gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer who underwent surgical treatment. The material for the cytological examination and assessment of CEA and Ca19-9 concentrations in peritoneal fluid was collected intraoperatively. Later, blood was drawn to assess the CEA and Ca19-9 concentrations in blood serum. Results: There was a statistical correlation between a positive cytology result or the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and a positive result for the tumor markers obtained from abdominal washings. This correlation was not observed with marker levels obtained from blood serum. The pCEA marker was highly sensitive (93.3%) and specific (93.8%) for detecting cancer cells. The pCa19-9 marker was less effective in detecting cancer but matched pCEA in identifying the absence of cancer. No differences were observed in sCEA and sCA19-9 levels between patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not receive this treatment. However, statistical analysis showed that this relationship did not apply to pCEA and pCa19-9 levels. Conclusions: Intraoperative determinations of tumor marker levels in peritoneal washings may be a predictive factor for a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-3ee26b0d81834b54b3b04354bbeb4cca2025-08-20T01:53:44ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-11-011211258410.3390/biomedicines12112584The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal LavageMichał Bąk0Magdalena Wojciech1Adrianna Pielech2Sylwia Holka3Marek Zawadzki4Dawid Murawa5General and Oncological Surgery, The Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital in Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, PolandInstitute of Mathematics, University of Zielona Góra, 65-417 Zielona Góra, PolandGeneral and Oncological Surgery, The Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital in Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, PolandDepartment of Pathomorphology, The Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital in Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, PolandFaculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, PolandGeneral and Oncological Surgery, The Karol Marcinkowski University Hospital in Zielona Góra, 65-046 Zielona Góra, PolandBackground: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the levels of tumor markers—specifically, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and Ca19-9 antigen—determined in both serum (sCEA and sCa19-9) and intraoperative peritoneal washings (pCEA and pCa19-9) and the advanced stage of gastric cancer (including the occurrence of cancer cells in cytology from abdominal fluid). Methods: This study included 47 patients with histopathologically confirmed gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction cancer who underwent surgical treatment. The material for the cytological examination and assessment of CEA and Ca19-9 concentrations in peritoneal fluid was collected intraoperatively. Later, blood was drawn to assess the CEA and Ca19-9 concentrations in blood serum. Results: There was a statistical correlation between a positive cytology result or the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis and a positive result for the tumor markers obtained from abdominal washings. This correlation was not observed with marker levels obtained from blood serum. The pCEA marker was highly sensitive (93.3%) and specific (93.8%) for detecting cancer cells. The pCa19-9 marker was less effective in detecting cancer but matched pCEA in identifying the absence of cancer. No differences were observed in sCEA and sCA19-9 levels between patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and those who did not receive this treatment. However, statistical analysis showed that this relationship did not apply to pCEA and pCa19-9 levels. Conclusions: Intraoperative determinations of tumor marker levels in peritoneal washings may be a predictive factor for a poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2584gastric cancertumor markerscarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)Ca19-9peritoneal washingscytology
spellingShingle Michał Bąk
Magdalena Wojciech
Adrianna Pielech
Sylwia Holka
Marek Zawadzki
Dawid Murawa
The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage
Biomedicines
gastric cancer
tumor markers
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Ca19-9
peritoneal washings
cytology
title The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage
title_full The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage
title_fullStr The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage
title_full_unstemmed The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage
title_short The Advancement Stage of Gastric Cancer and the Levels of CEA and Ca19-9 in Serum and Peritoneal Lavage
title_sort advancement stage of gastric cancer and the levels of cea and ca19 9 in serum and peritoneal lavage
topic gastric cancer
tumor markers
carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Ca19-9
peritoneal washings
cytology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/11/2584
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