Digital education and exercise therapy versus minimal intervention for young people at high risk of early onset knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: a study protocol for the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background People who tear their anterior cruciate ligament and have reconstruction surgery (ACLR) are at elevated risk of inactivity, obesity, and early-onset knee osteoarthritis. Consensus recommendations to prevent post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis include person-centered education and...

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Main Authors: Jackie L. Whittaker, Amanda Cammalleri, Candice Archibald, Alexandra Brooks-Hill, Patrick Chin, Sarah Clark, Jennifer C. Davis, Alison M. Hoens, Michael A. Hunt, Karin Kausky, Angelina Ko, Lise Leveille, Linda C. Li, Parth Lodhia, Justin M. Losciale, Maxi Miciak, Amber D. Mosewich, Adnan Sheikh, Trish Silvester-Lee, Linda K. Truong, Dominic Wade, David R. Wilson, Hui Xie, Xian He Yan, Ewa M. Roos
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Trials
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08896-6
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author Jackie L. Whittaker
Amanda Cammalleri
Candice Archibald
Alexandra Brooks-Hill
Patrick Chin
Sarah Clark
Jennifer C. Davis
Alison M. Hoens
Michael A. Hunt
Karin Kausky
Angelina Ko
Lise Leveille
Linda C. Li
Parth Lodhia
Justin M. Losciale
Maxi Miciak
Amber D. Mosewich
Adnan Sheikh
Trish Silvester-Lee
Linda K. Truong
Dominic Wade
David R. Wilson
Hui Xie
Xian He Yan
Ewa M. Roos
author_facet Jackie L. Whittaker
Amanda Cammalleri
Candice Archibald
Alexandra Brooks-Hill
Patrick Chin
Sarah Clark
Jennifer C. Davis
Alison M. Hoens
Michael A. Hunt
Karin Kausky
Angelina Ko
Lise Leveille
Linda C. Li
Parth Lodhia
Justin M. Losciale
Maxi Miciak
Amber D. Mosewich
Adnan Sheikh
Trish Silvester-Lee
Linda K. Truong
Dominic Wade
David R. Wilson
Hui Xie
Xian He Yan
Ewa M. Roos
author_sort Jackie L. Whittaker
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background People who tear their anterior cruciate ligament and have reconstruction surgery (ACLR) are at elevated risk of inactivity, obesity, and early-onset knee osteoarthritis. Consensus recommendations to prevent post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis include person-centered education and exercise-based treatments. The effectiveness of these recommendations is unknown. This study will assess if a digital education and exercise therapy intervention is superior to minimal intervention for improving knee-related symptoms, function, and quality of life in young people after ACLR. Methods The Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) study is a parallel, two-arm, assessor-blinded, superiority, hybrid effectiveness-implementation type 1 randomized controlled trial. After baseline testing, 166 participants aged 16–35 years, 9–36 months past, a first-time ACLR with ongoing symptoms will be randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups (1:1 ratio, stratified by sex). Ongoing symptoms will be defined as not meeting a Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) on the averaged Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain, symptoms function in sport and recreation, and quality-of-life subscales (KOOS4 < 79). Participants randomized to the experimental intervention will receive a digital (remote videoconferencing) 6-month program of group-based learning, individualized weekly home-based exercise therapy and physical activity program with tracking, and 1:1 physiotherapist-guided counseling. Participants randomized to the minimal intervention control group will receive an educational recording, best-practice guide for ACLR rehabilitation, one videoconferencing session, and tracking. The primary effectiveness outcome is the between-group difference in KOOS4 change from baseline to 6-months, with secondary endpoints at 12- and 24months. Secondary effectiveness outcomes include differences in the change of individual KOOS subscale scores, proportions of participants achieving KOOS subscale PASS scores, perceived self-management, and MRI features of knee OA. We will also assess secondary implementation (perceived barriers and facilitators of SOAR delivery), secondary efficiency (incremental cost-utility ratio), and exploratory outcomes. Missing data will be imputed and blinded intention-to-treat analyses performed. Discussion By assessing the effect, implementation, and efficiency of a digital education and exercise-based intervention designed to improve the knee health of young people at increased risk of knee osteoarthritis, this study will provide a basis for future scale-up to help curb the mounting burden of osteoarthritis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06195423. Registered on December 22, 2023.
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spelling doaj-art-3ee126661a8a4df88eb4abc9e5bf5e9d2025-08-20T03:22:54ZengBMCTrials1745-62152025-06-0126112110.1186/s13063-025-08896-6Digital education and exercise therapy versus minimal intervention for young people at high risk of early onset knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: a study protocol for the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) randomized controlled trialJackie L. Whittaker0Amanda Cammalleri1Candice Archibald2Alexandra Brooks-Hill3Patrick Chin4Sarah Clark5Jennifer C. Davis6Alison M. Hoens7Michael A. Hunt8Karin Kausky9Angelina Ko10Lise Leveille11Linda C. Li12Parth Lodhia13Justin M. Losciale14Maxi Miciak15Amber D. Mosewich16Adnan Sheikh17Trish Silvester-Lee18Linda K. Truong19Dominic Wade20David R. Wilson21Hui Xie22Xian He Yan23Ewa M. Roos24Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaKootenay Therapy CenterDepartment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaCentre for Aging SMART, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaWhistler 360Do Well TherapyDepartment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaInformatice, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Science Centre of Innovation, George E. Whalen Veteran Affairs Medical CentreFaculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of AlbertaFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of AlbertaDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaArthritis Research CanadaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaNexus RehabilitationCentre for Aging SMART, University of British ColumbiaArthritis Research CanadaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, University of Southern DenmarkAbstract Background People who tear their anterior cruciate ligament and have reconstruction surgery (ACLR) are at elevated risk of inactivity, obesity, and early-onset knee osteoarthritis. Consensus recommendations to prevent post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis include person-centered education and exercise-based treatments. The effectiveness of these recommendations is unknown. This study will assess if a digital education and exercise therapy intervention is superior to minimal intervention for improving knee-related symptoms, function, and quality of life in young people after ACLR. Methods The Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) study is a parallel, two-arm, assessor-blinded, superiority, hybrid effectiveness-implementation type 1 randomized controlled trial. After baseline testing, 166 participants aged 16–35 years, 9–36 months past, a first-time ACLR with ongoing symptoms will be randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups (1:1 ratio, stratified by sex). Ongoing symptoms will be defined as not meeting a Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) on the averaged Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain, symptoms function in sport and recreation, and quality-of-life subscales (KOOS4 < 79). Participants randomized to the experimental intervention will receive a digital (remote videoconferencing) 6-month program of group-based learning, individualized weekly home-based exercise therapy and physical activity program with tracking, and 1:1 physiotherapist-guided counseling. Participants randomized to the minimal intervention control group will receive an educational recording, best-practice guide for ACLR rehabilitation, one videoconferencing session, and tracking. The primary effectiveness outcome is the between-group difference in KOOS4 change from baseline to 6-months, with secondary endpoints at 12- and 24months. Secondary effectiveness outcomes include differences in the change of individual KOOS subscale scores, proportions of participants achieving KOOS subscale PASS scores, perceived self-management, and MRI features of knee OA. We will also assess secondary implementation (perceived barriers and facilitators of SOAR delivery), secondary efficiency (incremental cost-utility ratio), and exploratory outcomes. Missing data will be imputed and blinded intention-to-treat analyses performed. Discussion By assessing the effect, implementation, and efficiency of a digital education and exercise-based intervention designed to improve the knee health of young people at increased risk of knee osteoarthritis, this study will provide a basis for future scale-up to help curb the mounting burden of osteoarthritis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06195423. Registered on December 22, 2023.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08896-6Action planningEducationExercise therapyGoal-settingPhysical therapyPrevention
spellingShingle Jackie L. Whittaker
Amanda Cammalleri
Candice Archibald
Alexandra Brooks-Hill
Patrick Chin
Sarah Clark
Jennifer C. Davis
Alison M. Hoens
Michael A. Hunt
Karin Kausky
Angelina Ko
Lise Leveille
Linda C. Li
Parth Lodhia
Justin M. Losciale
Maxi Miciak
Amber D. Mosewich
Adnan Sheikh
Trish Silvester-Lee
Linda K. Truong
Dominic Wade
David R. Wilson
Hui Xie
Xian He Yan
Ewa M. Roos
Digital education and exercise therapy versus minimal intervention for young people at high risk of early onset knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: a study protocol for the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) randomized controlled trial
Trials
Action planning
Education
Exercise therapy
Goal-setting
Physical therapy
Prevention
title Digital education and exercise therapy versus minimal intervention for young people at high risk of early onset knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: a study protocol for the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) randomized controlled trial
title_full Digital education and exercise therapy versus minimal intervention for young people at high risk of early onset knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: a study protocol for the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr Digital education and exercise therapy versus minimal intervention for young people at high risk of early onset knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: a study protocol for the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Digital education and exercise therapy versus minimal intervention for young people at high risk of early onset knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: a study protocol for the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) randomized controlled trial
title_short Digital education and exercise therapy versus minimal intervention for young people at high risk of early onset knee osteoarthritis after ACL reconstruction: a study protocol for the Stop OsteoARthritis (SOAR) randomized controlled trial
title_sort digital education and exercise therapy versus minimal intervention for young people at high risk of early onset knee osteoarthritis after acl reconstruction a study protocol for the stop osteoarthritis soar randomized controlled trial
topic Action planning
Education
Exercise therapy
Goal-setting
Physical therapy
Prevention
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-025-08896-6
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