High genetic diversity yet weak population genetic structure in European common terns

Abstract The common tern (Sterna hirundo) is a migratory seabird experiencing a decline in breeding pairs across several European populations due to various threats, including habitat destruction and human disturbance. This study investigates the population genetic structure and diversity of common...

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Main Authors: Veronika Lončar, Jelena Kralj, Astrid Vik Stronen, Marija Grgurević, Željko Pavlinec, Luka Jurinović, Ida Svetličić, Elena Buzan, Simon Piro, Christof Herrmann, Iztok Škornik, Davorin Tome, Gyula Kovács, Bálint Preiszner, Péter Szinai, Stefano Volponi, Sunčica Stipoljev, Ana Galov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80614-9
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author Veronika Lončar
Jelena Kralj
Astrid Vik Stronen
Marija Grgurević
Željko Pavlinec
Luka Jurinović
Ida Svetličić
Elena Buzan
Simon Piro
Christof Herrmann
Iztok Škornik
Davorin Tome
Gyula Kovács
Bálint Preiszner
Péter Szinai
Stefano Volponi
Sunčica Stipoljev
Ana Galov
author_facet Veronika Lončar
Jelena Kralj
Astrid Vik Stronen
Marija Grgurević
Željko Pavlinec
Luka Jurinović
Ida Svetličić
Elena Buzan
Simon Piro
Christof Herrmann
Iztok Škornik
Davorin Tome
Gyula Kovács
Bálint Preiszner
Péter Szinai
Stefano Volponi
Sunčica Stipoljev
Ana Galov
author_sort Veronika Lončar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The common tern (Sterna hirundo) is a migratory seabird experiencing a decline in breeding pairs across several European populations due to various threats, including habitat destruction and human disturbance. This study investigates the population genetic structure and diversity of common terns sampled extensively across three European areas—Northern, Southern Inland and Southern Marine—during the breeding seasons, using 18 microsatellite markers and a mitochondrial DNA control region fragment. High genetic diversity was found in both types of markers, with the Southern Marine group showing the lowest overall diversity, although signals of possible population bottlenecks were detected in all groups. Various analyses indicated that population genetic structure was weak or absent, suggesting high gene flow among groups. The low genetic differentiation is likely influenced by distinct migration patterns, particularly between Southern Inland and Marine groups. Our results suggest that geographical distance between breeding colonies had minimal effect on population genetic structure. Further studies with tracking devices are needed to clarify how migration dynamics impacts genetic structure in common terns, while conservation efforts should focus on securing multiple breeding sites and currently unoccupied areas to increase options for habitat selection, supporting the species’ genetic diversity and long-term resilience.
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spelling doaj-art-3ec398911ddf40bfb3f92c2646a684812025-08-20T02:08:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111210.1038/s41598-024-80614-9High genetic diversity yet weak population genetic structure in European common ternsVeronika Lončar0Jelena Kralj1Astrid Vik Stronen2Marija Grgurević3Željko Pavlinec4Luka Jurinović5Ida Svetličić6Elena Buzan7Simon Piro8Christof Herrmann9Iztok Škornik10Davorin Tome11Gyula Kovács12Bálint Preiszner13Péter Szinai14Stefano Volponi15Sunčica Stipoljev16Ana Galov17Faculty of Science, University of ZagrebCroatian Academy of Sciences and ArtsBiotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaKite PharmaAquarium PulaCroatian Veterinary Institute, Poultry CentreFaculty of Science, University of ZagrebFaculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences, and Information Technologies, University of PrimorskaAG Vogelwarte, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of GreifswaldAgency for Environment, Nature Conservation and Geology Mecklenburg- Vorpommern, Hiddensee Bird Ringing SchemeSečovlje Salina Nature Park, Soline Pridelava Soli d.o.o.National Institute of BiologyBirdLife Hungary South-Balaton Local GroupHUN-REN Balaton Limnological Research InstituteBalaton-felvidéki National Park DirectorateItalian Institute for Environmental Protection and ResearchLaboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković InstituteFaculty of Science, University of ZagrebAbstract The common tern (Sterna hirundo) is a migratory seabird experiencing a decline in breeding pairs across several European populations due to various threats, including habitat destruction and human disturbance. This study investigates the population genetic structure and diversity of common terns sampled extensively across three European areas—Northern, Southern Inland and Southern Marine—during the breeding seasons, using 18 microsatellite markers and a mitochondrial DNA control region fragment. High genetic diversity was found in both types of markers, with the Southern Marine group showing the lowest overall diversity, although signals of possible population bottlenecks were detected in all groups. Various analyses indicated that population genetic structure was weak or absent, suggesting high gene flow among groups. The low genetic differentiation is likely influenced by distinct migration patterns, particularly between Southern Inland and Marine groups. Our results suggest that geographical distance between breeding colonies had minimal effect on population genetic structure. Further studies with tracking devices are needed to clarify how migration dynamics impacts genetic structure in common terns, while conservation efforts should focus on securing multiple breeding sites and currently unoccupied areas to increase options for habitat selection, supporting the species’ genetic diversity and long-term resilience.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80614-9Genetic diversityPopulation genetic structureMicrosatelliteMitochondrial DNA
spellingShingle Veronika Lončar
Jelena Kralj
Astrid Vik Stronen
Marija Grgurević
Željko Pavlinec
Luka Jurinović
Ida Svetličić
Elena Buzan
Simon Piro
Christof Herrmann
Iztok Škornik
Davorin Tome
Gyula Kovács
Bálint Preiszner
Péter Szinai
Stefano Volponi
Sunčica Stipoljev
Ana Galov
High genetic diversity yet weak population genetic structure in European common terns
Scientific Reports
Genetic diversity
Population genetic structure
Microsatellite
Mitochondrial DNA
title High genetic diversity yet weak population genetic structure in European common terns
title_full High genetic diversity yet weak population genetic structure in European common terns
title_fullStr High genetic diversity yet weak population genetic structure in European common terns
title_full_unstemmed High genetic diversity yet weak population genetic structure in European common terns
title_short High genetic diversity yet weak population genetic structure in European common terns
title_sort high genetic diversity yet weak population genetic structure in european common terns
topic Genetic diversity
Population genetic structure
Microsatellite
Mitochondrial DNA
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80614-9
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