Day–Night Synergy Between Built Environment and Thermal Comfort and Its Impact on Pedestrian Street Vitality: Beijing–Chengdu Comparison

With the acceleration of urbanization, existing studies have primarily focused on the influence of either built environment factors or thermal comfort on street vitality, while their synergistic effects remain underexplored. This study selects four pedestrian commercial streets in Beijing and Chengd...

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Main Authors: Jinjiang Zhang, Xuan Li, Haitao Lian, Haozhe Li, Junhan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/2118
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author Jinjiang Zhang
Xuan Li
Haitao Lian
Haozhe Li
Junhan Zhang
author_facet Jinjiang Zhang
Xuan Li
Haitao Lian
Haozhe Li
Junhan Zhang
author_sort Jinjiang Zhang
collection DOAJ
description With the acceleration of urbanization, existing studies have primarily focused on the influence of either built environment factors or thermal comfort on street vitality, while their synergistic effects remain underexplored. This study selects four pedestrian commercial streets in Beijing and Chengdu for dual validation to reveal the varying impacts of built environment elements on street vitality under different climatic conditions and to uncover the diurnal dynamic effects. The key findings include the following: (1) the shop width (optimal between 8 and 14 m) and the number of items of street furniture are the core drivers of vitality across time and space; (2) although the visibility of greenery is often recommended to boost vitality, its influence is nonlinear and closely tied to thermal comfort; (3) thermal comfort and street width dynamically affect the spatiotemporal variations in vitality; and (4) daytime vitality is mainly driven by spatial comfort related to commercial density, furniture, and thermal comfort, while nighttime vitality relies more on the synergy between street width and shop transparency. This study aims to support differentiated street design across climates, enhancing both economic vitality and sustainable urban development.
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id doaj-art-3ebe8ea32ecf4b5e87abcce9cb6184b3
institution Kabale University
issn 2075-5309
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
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series Buildings
spelling doaj-art-3ebe8ea32ecf4b5e87abcce9cb6184b32025-08-20T03:27:29ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-06-011512211810.3390/buildings15122118Day–Night Synergy Between Built Environment and Thermal Comfort and Its Impact on Pedestrian Street Vitality: Beijing–Chengdu ComparisonJinjiang Zhang0Xuan Li1Haitao Lian2Haozhe Li3Junhan Zhang4Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hebei University of Engineering, Taiji Road 19, Handan 056003, ChinaEconomic and Technological Development Zone, Hebei University of Engineering, Taiji Road 19, Handan 056003, ChinaEconomic and Technological Development Zone, Hebei University of Engineering, Taiji Road 19, Handan 056003, ChinaEconomic and Technological Development Zone, Hebei University of Engineering, Taiji Road 19, Handan 056003, ChinaStuart Weitzman School of Design, Department of Architecture, University of Pennsylvania, Main Campus, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USAWith the acceleration of urbanization, existing studies have primarily focused on the influence of either built environment factors or thermal comfort on street vitality, while their synergistic effects remain underexplored. This study selects four pedestrian commercial streets in Beijing and Chengdu for dual validation to reveal the varying impacts of built environment elements on street vitality under different climatic conditions and to uncover the diurnal dynamic effects. The key findings include the following: (1) the shop width (optimal between 8 and 14 m) and the number of items of street furniture are the core drivers of vitality across time and space; (2) although the visibility of greenery is often recommended to boost vitality, its influence is nonlinear and closely tied to thermal comfort; (3) thermal comfort and street width dynamically affect the spatiotemporal variations in vitality; and (4) daytime vitality is mainly driven by spatial comfort related to commercial density, furniture, and thermal comfort, while nighttime vitality relies more on the synergy between street width and shop transparency. This study aims to support differentiated street design across climates, enhancing both economic vitality and sustainable urban development.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/2118pedestrian commercial streetsstreet vitalitythermal comfortbuilt environmentmachine learning
spellingShingle Jinjiang Zhang
Xuan Li
Haitao Lian
Haozhe Li
Junhan Zhang
Day–Night Synergy Between Built Environment and Thermal Comfort and Its Impact on Pedestrian Street Vitality: Beijing–Chengdu Comparison
Buildings
pedestrian commercial streets
street vitality
thermal comfort
built environment
machine learning
title Day–Night Synergy Between Built Environment and Thermal Comfort and Its Impact on Pedestrian Street Vitality: Beijing–Chengdu Comparison
title_full Day–Night Synergy Between Built Environment and Thermal Comfort and Its Impact on Pedestrian Street Vitality: Beijing–Chengdu Comparison
title_fullStr Day–Night Synergy Between Built Environment and Thermal Comfort and Its Impact on Pedestrian Street Vitality: Beijing–Chengdu Comparison
title_full_unstemmed Day–Night Synergy Between Built Environment and Thermal Comfort and Its Impact on Pedestrian Street Vitality: Beijing–Chengdu Comparison
title_short Day–Night Synergy Between Built Environment and Thermal Comfort and Its Impact on Pedestrian Street Vitality: Beijing–Chengdu Comparison
title_sort day night synergy between built environment and thermal comfort and its impact on pedestrian street vitality beijing chengdu comparison
topic pedestrian commercial streets
street vitality
thermal comfort
built environment
machine learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/12/2118
work_keys_str_mv AT jinjiangzhang daynightsynergybetweenbuiltenvironmentandthermalcomfortanditsimpactonpedestrianstreetvitalitybeijingchengducomparison
AT xuanli daynightsynergybetweenbuiltenvironmentandthermalcomfortanditsimpactonpedestrianstreetvitalitybeijingchengducomparison
AT haitaolian daynightsynergybetweenbuiltenvironmentandthermalcomfortanditsimpactonpedestrianstreetvitalitybeijingchengducomparison
AT haozheli daynightsynergybetweenbuiltenvironmentandthermalcomfortanditsimpactonpedestrianstreetvitalitybeijingchengducomparison
AT junhanzhang daynightsynergybetweenbuiltenvironmentandthermalcomfortanditsimpactonpedestrianstreetvitalitybeijingchengducomparison