Washing oiled sea otters

Abstract The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill resulted in the death of 3,000–6,000 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from exposure to Alaska North Slope crude oil, and the cleaning and rehabilitation of hundreds. The washing and care methods developed during that experience provided standard protocols for trea...

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Main Authors: David A. Jessup, Laura C. Yeates, Sharon Toy‐Choutka, David Casper, Michael J. Murray, Michael H. Ziccardi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2012-03-01
Series:Wildlife Society Bulletin
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.113
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author David A. Jessup
Laura C. Yeates
Sharon Toy‐Choutka
David Casper
Michael J. Murray
Michael H. Ziccardi
author_facet David A. Jessup
Laura C. Yeates
Sharon Toy‐Choutka
David Casper
Michael J. Murray
Michael H. Ziccardi
author_sort David A. Jessup
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill resulted in the death of 3,000–6,000 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from exposure to Alaska North Slope crude oil, and the cleaning and rehabilitation of hundreds. The washing and care methods developed during that experience provided standard protocols for treatment of oiled sea otters, largely still in use 20 years later. From 2004 to 2008 at the Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), we experimentally manipulated water type (salt–fresh) and temperature, and we monitored otter physiology, behavior, and thermal properties to evaluate recovery from washing in the absence of oil. We also dipped otters in canola oil, and were able to wash one otter naturally oiled with Monterey formation crude oil, using the same methods. Providing soft freshwater in recovery pools reduced recovery time substantially. Warming the freshwater appeared to offer additional benefits in some cases. Infrared thermography and subcutaneous temperature‐sensitive passive integrated transponder tags were 2 new technologies that enhanced this research. The improved washing and care methods developed have the potential to reduce the time required for recovery of water repellency of sea otter pelage. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
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spelling doaj-art-3eade3b85e98443fbdefb37610e2b6ac2025-08-20T01:56:32ZengWileyWildlife Society Bulletin2328-55402012-03-0136161510.1002/wsb.113Washing oiled sea ottersDavid A. Jessup0Laura C. Yeates1Sharon Toy‐Choutka2David Casper3Michael J. Murray4Michael H. Ziccardi5Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, California Department of Fish and Game, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, 1451 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USADepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USAMarine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center, California Department of Fish and Game, Office of Spill Prevention and Response, 1451 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USAUniversity of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USAMonterey Bay Aquarium, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, CA 93940, USAOiled Wildlife Care Network, Wildlife Health Center, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USAAbstract The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill resulted in the death of 3,000–6,000 sea otters (Enhydra lutris) from exposure to Alaska North Slope crude oil, and the cleaning and rehabilitation of hundreds. The washing and care methods developed during that experience provided standard protocols for treatment of oiled sea otters, largely still in use 20 years later. From 2004 to 2008 at the Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center (Santa Cruz, CA, USA), we experimentally manipulated water type (salt–fresh) and temperature, and we monitored otter physiology, behavior, and thermal properties to evaluate recovery from washing in the absence of oil. We also dipped otters in canola oil, and were able to wash one otter naturally oiled with Monterey formation crude oil, using the same methods. Providing soft freshwater in recovery pools reduced recovery time substantially. Warming the freshwater appeared to offer additional benefits in some cases. Infrared thermography and subcutaneous temperature‐sensitive passive integrated transponder tags were 2 new technologies that enhanced this research. The improved washing and care methods developed have the potential to reduce the time required for recovery of water repellency of sea otter pelage. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.113Enhydra lutrisExxon Valdezpetroleumrecoverysea otterwashing
spellingShingle David A. Jessup
Laura C. Yeates
Sharon Toy‐Choutka
David Casper
Michael J. Murray
Michael H. Ziccardi
Washing oiled sea otters
Wildlife Society Bulletin
Enhydra lutris
Exxon Valdez
petroleum
recovery
sea otter
washing
title Washing oiled sea otters
title_full Washing oiled sea otters
title_fullStr Washing oiled sea otters
title_full_unstemmed Washing oiled sea otters
title_short Washing oiled sea otters
title_sort washing oiled sea otters
topic Enhydra lutris
Exxon Valdez
petroleum
recovery
sea otter
washing
url https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.113
work_keys_str_mv AT davidajessup washingoiledseaotters
AT lauracyeates washingoiledseaotters
AT sharontoychoutka washingoiledseaotters
AT davidcasper washingoiledseaotters
AT michaeljmurray washingoiledseaotters
AT michaelhziccardi washingoiledseaotters