Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors of Canine Bacterial Skin Infections

Bacterial skin infections are common in dogs and often secondary to underlying conditions like allergies or ectoparasite infestations. Untreated primary causes can lead to recurrent infections and an increased risk of antimicrobial resistance, including methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus...

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Main Authors: Qian Wang, Siyu Chen, Shizhen Ma, Ying Jiao, Huiyi Hong, Siying Wang, Wei Huang, Qi An, Yu Song, Xukun Dang, Gege Zhang, Haiqin Ding, Yang Wang, Zhaofei Xia, Lu Wang, Yanli Lyu
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Pathogens
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/309
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author Qian Wang
Siyu Chen
Shizhen Ma
Ying Jiao
Huiyi Hong
Siying Wang
Wei Huang
Qi An
Yu Song
Xukun Dang
Gege Zhang
Haiqin Ding
Yang Wang
Zhaofei Xia
Lu Wang
Yanli Lyu
author_facet Qian Wang
Siyu Chen
Shizhen Ma
Ying Jiao
Huiyi Hong
Siying Wang
Wei Huang
Qi An
Yu Song
Xukun Dang
Gege Zhang
Haiqin Ding
Yang Wang
Zhaofei Xia
Lu Wang
Yanli Lyu
author_sort Qian Wang
collection DOAJ
description Bacterial skin infections are common in dogs and often secondary to underlying conditions like allergies or ectoparasite infestations. Untreated primary causes can lead to recurrent infections and an increased risk of antimicrobial resistance, including methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> (MRSP), posing a substantial clinical challenge. Here, we analyzed 896 canine bacterial skin infection samples collected from the China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2018 and 2022. Species identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Of the 896 samples, 722 (80.6%) yielded 1123 bacterial isolates, with <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> (<i>n</i> = 421), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>n</i> = 108), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 73) being the most prevalent. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Notably, resistance to florfenicol in <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> increased from 9.1% in 2018 to 20.0% in 2022, while resistance to ceftriaxone in <i>E. coli</i> rose from 30.0% to 72.7% over the same period. Among 305 reviewed cases, pyoderma (47.5%, 145/305) was the most common infection type, predominantly associated with <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> (<i>n</i> = 114), followed by otitis (25.6%, 78/305) primarily linked to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (<i>n</i> = 24). Mixed infections occurred in 35.4% (108/305) of cases, with <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> as the most frequently isolated species in both single and mixed infections. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed that MRSP infections were correlated with a history of invasion (<i>p</i> <0.001) and prolonged disease duration (six months to less than one year: <i>p</i> = 0.005; one year or longer: <i>p</i> < 0.001). Core-genome SNP analysis showed that eight dogs were infected with identical <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> strains, in which one dog exhibited a shift from gentamicin susceptibility to resistance within nine days. Conversely, three dogs were infected by distinct <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> strains at two time points. To effectively manage MRSP infections and chronic skin infections in dogs, rigorous disinfection protocols in veterinary hospitals, control of disease duration, prevention of recurrent infections, and continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns are essential.
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spelling doaj-art-3eaa698a55804b6cab599f126cddea022025-08-20T02:18:04ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-03-0114430910.3390/pathogens14040309Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors of Canine Bacterial Skin InfectionsQian Wang0Siyu Chen1Shizhen Ma2Ying Jiao3Huiyi Hong4Siying Wang5Wei Huang6Qi An7Yu Song8Xukun Dang9Gege Zhang10Haiqin Ding11Yang Wang12Zhaofei Xia13Lu Wang14Yanli Lyu15College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaBeijing Zhongnongda Veterinary Hospital Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, ChinaBeijing Zhongnongda Veterinary Hospital Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, ChinaBeijing Zhongnongda Veterinary Hospital Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, ChinaBeijing Zhongnongda Veterinary Hospital Co., Ltd., Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaBacterial skin infections are common in dogs and often secondary to underlying conditions like allergies or ectoparasite infestations. Untreated primary causes can lead to recurrent infections and an increased risk of antimicrobial resistance, including methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> (MRSP), posing a substantial clinical challenge. Here, we analyzed 896 canine bacterial skin infection samples collected from the China Agricultural University Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2018 and 2022. Species identification was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Of the 896 samples, 722 (80.6%) yielded 1123 bacterial isolates, with <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> (<i>n</i> = 421), <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (<i>n</i> = 108), and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 73) being the most prevalent. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the broth microdilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Notably, resistance to florfenicol in <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> increased from 9.1% in 2018 to 20.0% in 2022, while resistance to ceftriaxone in <i>E. coli</i> rose from 30.0% to 72.7% over the same period. Among 305 reviewed cases, pyoderma (47.5%, 145/305) was the most common infection type, predominantly associated with <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> (<i>n</i> = 114), followed by otitis (25.6%, 78/305) primarily linked to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> (<i>n</i> = 24). Mixed infections occurred in 35.4% (108/305) of cases, with <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> as the most frequently isolated species in both single and mixed infections. The multivariable logistic regression model revealed that MRSP infections were correlated with a history of invasion (<i>p</i> <0.001) and prolonged disease duration (six months to less than one year: <i>p</i> = 0.005; one year or longer: <i>p</i> < 0.001). Core-genome SNP analysis showed that eight dogs were infected with identical <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> strains, in which one dog exhibited a shift from gentamicin susceptibility to resistance within nine days. Conversely, three dogs were infected by distinct <i>S. pseudintermedius</i> strains at two time points. To effectively manage MRSP infections and chronic skin infections in dogs, rigorous disinfection protocols in veterinary hospitals, control of disease duration, prevention of recurrent infections, and continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance patterns are essential.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/309canine bacterial skin infectionsantimicrobial resistancerisk factors<i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>methicillin resistance
spellingShingle Qian Wang
Siyu Chen
Shizhen Ma
Ying Jiao
Huiyi Hong
Siying Wang
Wei Huang
Qi An
Yu Song
Xukun Dang
Gege Zhang
Haiqin Ding
Yang Wang
Zhaofei Xia
Lu Wang
Yanli Lyu
Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors of Canine Bacterial Skin Infections
Pathogens
canine bacterial skin infections
antimicrobial resistance
risk factors
<i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>
methicillin resistance
title Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors of Canine Bacterial Skin Infections
title_full Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors of Canine Bacterial Skin Infections
title_fullStr Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors of Canine Bacterial Skin Infections
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors of Canine Bacterial Skin Infections
title_short Antimicrobial Resistance and Risk Factors of Canine Bacterial Skin Infections
title_sort antimicrobial resistance and risk factors of canine bacterial skin infections
topic canine bacterial skin infections
antimicrobial resistance
risk factors
<i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i>
methicillin resistance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/309
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