Boosting lily bulblets production: a study on the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine and silver nanoparticles

Abstract The lily stands out as one of the most economically relevant flowers worldwide and enjoys great popularity as a cut flower in the florist industry. This prominent position underlines the need to implement and continuously improve sustainable protocols that ensure its efficient production, m...

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Main Authors: Oscar Tomanguilla-Llanos, Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori, José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado, Yoiner K. Lapiz-Culqui, Eyner Huaman-Huaman, Marileydi Zuta-Puscan, Reyna Stefani Mego-Pérez, Manuel Oliva-Cruz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06078-7
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author Oscar Tomanguilla-Llanos
Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori
José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado
Yoiner K. Lapiz-Culqui
Eyner Huaman-Huaman
Marileydi Zuta-Puscan
Reyna Stefani Mego-Pérez
Manuel Oliva-Cruz
author_facet Oscar Tomanguilla-Llanos
Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori
José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado
Yoiner K. Lapiz-Culqui
Eyner Huaman-Huaman
Marileydi Zuta-Puscan
Reyna Stefani Mego-Pérez
Manuel Oliva-Cruz
author_sort Oscar Tomanguilla-Llanos
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The lily stands out as one of the most economically relevant flowers worldwide and enjoys great popularity as a cut flower in the florist industry. This prominent position underlines the need to implement and continuously improve sustainable protocols that ensure its efficient production, multiplication and conservation. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the potential biostimulant effect of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on two lily cultivars (Lilium LA Hybrid ‘Hyde Park’ and Lilium LA Hybrid ‘Yellow Diamond’), through their individual and combined application. The research focused on evaluating the influence of these treatments on two key aspects: (1) regeneration capacity and bulblet development from bulb scales, and (2) morpho-physiological growth parameters in regenerated plants. Analysis of the results revealed several significant effects of the interaction between AgNPs and BAP on different regeneration and growth parameters in two lily cultivars. In cv. ‘Hyde Park’, the combination of AgNPs at 50 mg L−1 with BAP at 200 mg L−1 increased bulblet number to an average of 5.6. In cv. ‘Yellow Diamond’, the application of AgNPs at 50 mg L−1 without BAP and the combined treatment of AgNPs at 100 mg L−1 with BAP at 200 mg L−1 produced a higher number of bulblets (3.2). The highest bulblet weight in both cultivars was obtained with the combination of AgNPs at 100 mg L−1 and BAP at 50 mg L−1. Plant height also varied considerably; in cv. ‘Hyde Park’ the tallest plants (greater than 140 mm) were recorded under treatment with BAP at 50 mg L−1 without AgNPs, while in cv. ‘Yellow Diamond’, the largest plants (greater than 100 mm) were observed with the application of AgNPs at 100 mg L−1 without BAP. In terms of physiology, the SPAD index did not show significant improvements compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results indicate that the impact of the interaction between AgNPs and BAP is concentration, cultivar, and measured variable dependent, suggesting a varietal-specific response and the possibility of both beneficial and adverse effects on different aspects of lily development. This underscores the importance of carefully adjusting doses and combinations to optimize regeneration and plant growth.
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-3ea6c611ec724bcfaaead9f64df6dd692025-08-20T03:45:19ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-06078-7Boosting lily bulblets production: a study on the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine and silver nanoparticlesOscar Tomanguilla-Llanos0Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori1José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado2Yoiner K. Lapiz-Culqui3Eyner Huaman-Huaman4Marileydi Zuta-Puscan5Reyna Stefani Mego-Pérez6Manuel Oliva-Cruz7Research Institute for the Sustainable Development of Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), National University Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaResearch Institute for the Sustainable Development of Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), National University Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaAgricultural Experimental Station Amazonas, Directorate of Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (DRGB), National Institute for Agrarian Innovation (INIA)Research Institute for the Sustainable Development of Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), National University Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaResearch Institute for the Sustainable Development of Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), National University Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaResearch Institute for the Sustainable Development of Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), National University Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaAgronomy Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, National University Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaResearch Institute for the Sustainable Development of Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES), National University Toribio Rodríguez de MendozaAbstract The lily stands out as one of the most economically relevant flowers worldwide and enjoys great popularity as a cut flower in the florist industry. This prominent position underlines the need to implement and continuously improve sustainable protocols that ensure its efficient production, multiplication and conservation. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the potential biostimulant effect of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on two lily cultivars (Lilium LA Hybrid ‘Hyde Park’ and Lilium LA Hybrid ‘Yellow Diamond’), through their individual and combined application. The research focused on evaluating the influence of these treatments on two key aspects: (1) regeneration capacity and bulblet development from bulb scales, and (2) morpho-physiological growth parameters in regenerated plants. Analysis of the results revealed several significant effects of the interaction between AgNPs and BAP on different regeneration and growth parameters in two lily cultivars. In cv. ‘Hyde Park’, the combination of AgNPs at 50 mg L−1 with BAP at 200 mg L−1 increased bulblet number to an average of 5.6. In cv. ‘Yellow Diamond’, the application of AgNPs at 50 mg L−1 without BAP and the combined treatment of AgNPs at 100 mg L−1 with BAP at 200 mg L−1 produced a higher number of bulblets (3.2). The highest bulblet weight in both cultivars was obtained with the combination of AgNPs at 100 mg L−1 and BAP at 50 mg L−1. Plant height also varied considerably; in cv. ‘Hyde Park’ the tallest plants (greater than 140 mm) were recorded under treatment with BAP at 50 mg L−1 without AgNPs, while in cv. ‘Yellow Diamond’, the largest plants (greater than 100 mm) were observed with the application of AgNPs at 100 mg L−1 without BAP. In terms of physiology, the SPAD index did not show significant improvements compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results indicate that the impact of the interaction between AgNPs and BAP is concentration, cultivar, and measured variable dependent, suggesting a varietal-specific response and the possibility of both beneficial and adverse effects on different aspects of lily development. This underscores the importance of carefully adjusting doses and combinations to optimize regeneration and plant growth.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06078-7Bulb scaleCytokininGrowth regulatorsNanotechnologyPropagation
spellingShingle Oscar Tomanguilla-Llanos
Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori
José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado
Yoiner K. Lapiz-Culqui
Eyner Huaman-Huaman
Marileydi Zuta-Puscan
Reyna Stefani Mego-Pérez
Manuel Oliva-Cruz
Boosting lily bulblets production: a study on the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine and silver nanoparticles
Scientific Reports
Bulb scale
Cytokinin
Growth regulators
Nanotechnology
Propagation
title Boosting lily bulblets production: a study on the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine and silver nanoparticles
title_full Boosting lily bulblets production: a study on the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine and silver nanoparticles
title_fullStr Boosting lily bulblets production: a study on the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine and silver nanoparticles
title_full_unstemmed Boosting lily bulblets production: a study on the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine and silver nanoparticles
title_short Boosting lily bulblets production: a study on the effects of 6-benzylaminopurine and silver nanoparticles
title_sort boosting lily bulblets production a study on the effects of 6 benzylaminopurine and silver nanoparticles
topic Bulb scale
Cytokinin
Growth regulators
Nanotechnology
Propagation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06078-7
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