Second-Order Gradient Estimates for the Porous Medium Equation on Riemannian Manifolds

In this paper, we derive second-order gradient estimates for positive solutions of the porous medium equation <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaysty...

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Main Authors: Jingjing Yang, Guangwen Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/10/1683
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author Jingjing Yang
Guangwen Zhao
author_facet Jingjing Yang
Guangwen Zhao
author_sort Jingjing Yang
collection DOAJ
description In this paper, we derive second-order gradient estimates for positive solutions of the porous medium equation <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mo>∂</mo><mrow><mo>∂</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mi>u</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>u</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>p</mi></msup><mo>,</mo><mspace width="1.em"></mspace><mi>p</mi><mo>∈</mo><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msqrt><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msqrt></mfrac></mstyle></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> on an <i>n</i>-dimensional Riemannian manifold under certain curvature conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-3ea47eb455ac41aeae73dc390be426062025-08-20T03:14:32ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-05-011310168310.3390/math13101683Second-Order Gradient Estimates for the Porous Medium Equation on Riemannian ManifoldsJingjing Yang0Guangwen Zhao1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, ChinaIn this paper, we derive second-order gradient estimates for positive solutions of the porous medium equation <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mo>∂</mo><mrow><mo>∂</mo><mi>t</mi></mrow></mfrac></mstyle><mi>u</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><mo>Δ</mo><mi>u</mi><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>p</mi></msup><mo>,</mo><mspace width="1.em"></mspace><mi>p</mi><mo>∈</mo><mfenced separators="" open="(" close=")"><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mstyle scriptlevel="0" displaystyle="true"><mfrac><mn>1</mn><msqrt><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msqrt></mfrac></mstyle></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> on an <i>n</i>-dimensional Riemannian manifold under certain curvature conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/10/1683gradient estimateporous medium equationRiemannian manifold
spellingShingle Jingjing Yang
Guangwen Zhao
Second-Order Gradient Estimates for the Porous Medium Equation on Riemannian Manifolds
Mathematics
gradient estimate
porous medium equation
Riemannian manifold
title Second-Order Gradient Estimates for the Porous Medium Equation on Riemannian Manifolds
title_full Second-Order Gradient Estimates for the Porous Medium Equation on Riemannian Manifolds
title_fullStr Second-Order Gradient Estimates for the Porous Medium Equation on Riemannian Manifolds
title_full_unstemmed Second-Order Gradient Estimates for the Porous Medium Equation on Riemannian Manifolds
title_short Second-Order Gradient Estimates for the Porous Medium Equation on Riemannian Manifolds
title_sort second order gradient estimates for the porous medium equation on riemannian manifolds
topic gradient estimate
porous medium equation
Riemannian manifold
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/10/1683
work_keys_str_mv AT jingjingyang secondordergradientestimatesfortheporousmediumequationonriemannianmanifolds
AT guangwenzhao secondordergradientestimatesfortheporousmediumequationonriemannianmanifolds