Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Diffusion Restriction in a Toddler

We report a case of acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) in a 2½-year-old male who presented with fever, seizures, and altered sensorium. Cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, whereas brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed T2 hyperintensities with restricted d...

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Main Authors: Siva Vyasam, Jyothi Jayaram, Naga Anudeep Mylavarapu, Anuj Guleria, Siddharth Khanna, Renu Suthar, Suresh Kumar Angurana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-07-01
Series:Current Medical Issues
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/cmi.cmi_6_25
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author Siva Vyasam
Jyothi Jayaram
Naga Anudeep Mylavarapu
Anuj Guleria
Siddharth Khanna
Renu Suthar
Suresh Kumar Angurana
author_facet Siva Vyasam
Jyothi Jayaram
Naga Anudeep Mylavarapu
Anuj Guleria
Siddharth Khanna
Renu Suthar
Suresh Kumar Angurana
author_sort Siva Vyasam
collection DOAJ
description We report a case of acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) in a 2½-year-old male who presented with fever, seizures, and altered sensorium. Cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, whereas brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed T2 hyperintensities with restricted diffusion in cortical and subcortical regions. The patient was treated with antiseizure medications, acyclovir, methylprednisolone, and intravenous immunoglobulin. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment of ALERD in children, emphasizing the need for increased awareness among pediatric healthcare providers to improve patient outcomes.
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institution DOAJ
issn 0973-4651
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language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
record_format Article
series Current Medical Issues
spelling doaj-art-3e99da0eaba54a59bbb943dd19d3af792025-08-20T02:56:40ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsCurrent Medical Issues0973-46512666-40542025-07-0123321221410.4103/cmi.cmi_6_25Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Diffusion Restriction in a ToddlerSiva VyasamJyothi JayaramNaga Anudeep MylavarapuAnuj GuleriaSiddharth KhannaRenu SutharSuresh Kumar AnguranaWe report a case of acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) in a 2½-year-old male who presented with fever, seizures, and altered sensorium. Cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, whereas brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed T2 hyperintensities with restricted diffusion in cortical and subcortical regions. The patient was treated with antiseizure medications, acyclovir, methylprednisolone, and intravenous immunoglobulin. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment of ALERD in children, emphasizing the need for increased awareness among pediatric healthcare providers to improve patient outcomes.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/cmi.cmi_6_25acute encephalitis syndromeacute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusionmethylprednisolonestatus epilepticus
spellingShingle Siva Vyasam
Jyothi Jayaram
Naga Anudeep Mylavarapu
Anuj Guleria
Siddharth Khanna
Renu Suthar
Suresh Kumar Angurana
Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Diffusion Restriction in a Toddler
Current Medical Issues
acute encephalitis syndrome
acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion
methylprednisolone
status epilepticus
title Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Diffusion Restriction in a Toddler
title_full Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Diffusion Restriction in a Toddler
title_fullStr Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Diffusion Restriction in a Toddler
title_full_unstemmed Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Diffusion Restriction in a Toddler
title_short Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Diffusion Restriction in a Toddler
title_sort acute leukoencephalopathy with diffusion restriction in a toddler
topic acute encephalitis syndrome
acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion
methylprednisolone
status epilepticus
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/cmi.cmi_6_25
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