Acute Leukoencephalopathy with Diffusion Restriction in a Toddler

We report a case of acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) in a 2½-year-old male who presented with fever, seizures, and altered sensorium. Cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, whereas brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed T2 hyperintensities with restricted d...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Siva Vyasam, Jyothi Jayaram, Naga Anudeep Mylavarapu, Anuj Guleria, Siddharth Khanna, Renu Suthar, Suresh Kumar Angurana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-07-01
Series:Current Medical Issues
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Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/cmi.cmi_6_25
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Summary:We report a case of acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) in a 2½-year-old male who presented with fever, seizures, and altered sensorium. Cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, whereas brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed T2 hyperintensities with restricted diffusion in cortical and subcortical regions. The patient was treated with antiseizure medications, acyclovir, methylprednisolone, and intravenous immunoglobulin. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and prompt treatment of ALERD in children, emphasizing the need for increased awareness among pediatric healthcare providers to improve patient outcomes.
ISSN:0973-4651
2666-4054