Assessment Activity Concentrations of Rice Components (Root, Stem, Leaf, and Grain) and Transfer Factors (TF) from Paddy Soil to Rice Grain of Radionuclides <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs Investigation in Taiwan
This study analyzed the activity concentrations of various radionuclides in irrigation water, rice components, and corresponding soil samples from eleven paddy fields, revealing significant findings with potential environmental and health implications. The soil exhibited high levels of activity conc...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Wei-Hsiang Huang Ting-Chien Chen Sheng-Chi Lin Zhi-Mou Chen Yi-Lung Yeh |
| author_facet | Wei-Hsiang Huang Ting-Chien Chen Sheng-Chi Lin Zhi-Mou Chen Yi-Lung Yeh |
| author_sort | Wei-Hsiang Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study analyzed the activity concentrations of various radionuclides in irrigation water, rice components, and corresponding soil samples from eleven paddy fields, revealing significant findings with potential environmental and health implications. The soil exhibited high levels of activity concentrations ranging from 350 to 829, 12.4 to 41.2, and 18.5 to 60.3 Bq/kg, with mean values of 609, 31.1, and 45.0 Bq/kg for <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, and <sup>232</sup>Th respectively. Additionally, 12 soil samples from two paddy fields showed <sup>137</sup>Cs activity concentrations of 5.6 ± 1.3 Bq/kg. The rice plant roots accumulated the highest percentages of total activity concentrations for <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs, ranging from 76–86%, while only 1.1–10.0% were found in the un-hulled grain. For <sup>40</sup>K, activity concentrations were distributed among the root (23%), stem (32%), leaf (35%), and un-hulled grain (10%). The mean activity concentrations were 99 ± 12, 0.49 ± 0.09, 0.43 ± 0.12, and 0.10–0.31 Bq/kg for <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs for un-hulled rice grain, respectively. Transfer factors (TFs) from soil to un-hulled rice grain were calculated as (1.21–2.86) × 10<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>40</sup>K, (0.07–0.11) × 10<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>232</sup>Th, (0.11–0.29) × 10<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>226</sup>Ra, and (0.16–0.61) × 10<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>137</sup>Cs. Notably, significant negative correlations were observed between TFs and soil concentrations for <sup>40</sup>K (r = 0.92, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>n</i> = 11) and <sup>226</sup>Ra (<i>r</i> = 0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.026, <i>n</i> = 4), suggesting that macronutrients in soil solutions may inhibit the linear transfer of natural nuclides from the soil solution to rice plants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3e971c28e94d4e5ca9cb6897c65c48bf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-3e971c28e94d4e5ca9cb6897c65c48bf2025-01-24T13:16:23ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-12-011512310.3390/agronomy15010023Assessment Activity Concentrations of Rice Components (Root, Stem, Leaf, and Grain) and Transfer Factors (TF) from Paddy Soil to Rice Grain of Radionuclides <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs Investigation in TaiwanWei-Hsiang Huang0Ting-Chien Chen1Sheng-Chi Lin2Zhi-Mou Chen3Yi-Lung Yeh4Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDepartment of Civil Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDisaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology Research Center, General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanThis study analyzed the activity concentrations of various radionuclides in irrigation water, rice components, and corresponding soil samples from eleven paddy fields, revealing significant findings with potential environmental and health implications. The soil exhibited high levels of activity concentrations ranging from 350 to 829, 12.4 to 41.2, and 18.5 to 60.3 Bq/kg, with mean values of 609, 31.1, and 45.0 Bq/kg for <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, and <sup>232</sup>Th respectively. Additionally, 12 soil samples from two paddy fields showed <sup>137</sup>Cs activity concentrations of 5.6 ± 1.3 Bq/kg. The rice plant roots accumulated the highest percentages of total activity concentrations for <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs, ranging from 76–86%, while only 1.1–10.0% were found in the un-hulled grain. For <sup>40</sup>K, activity concentrations were distributed among the root (23%), stem (32%), leaf (35%), and un-hulled grain (10%). The mean activity concentrations were 99 ± 12, 0.49 ± 0.09, 0.43 ± 0.12, and 0.10–0.31 Bq/kg for <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs for un-hulled rice grain, respectively. Transfer factors (TFs) from soil to un-hulled rice grain were calculated as (1.21–2.86) × 10<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>40</sup>K, (0.07–0.11) × 10<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>232</sup>Th, (0.11–0.29) × 10<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>226</sup>Ra, and (0.16–0.61) × 10<sup>−1</sup> for <sup>137</sup>Cs. Notably, significant negative correlations were observed between TFs and soil concentrations for <sup>40</sup>K (r = 0.92, <i>p</i> < 0.001, <i>n</i> = 11) and <sup>226</sup>Ra (<i>r</i> = 0.98, <i>p</i> = 0.026, <i>n</i> = 4), suggesting that macronutrients in soil solutions may inhibit the linear transfer of natural nuclides from the soil solution to rice plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/23radionuclidessoilpaddy rice grainrice componentstransfer factors (TFs) |
| spellingShingle | Wei-Hsiang Huang Ting-Chien Chen Sheng-Chi Lin Zhi-Mou Chen Yi-Lung Yeh Assessment Activity Concentrations of Rice Components (Root, Stem, Leaf, and Grain) and Transfer Factors (TF) from Paddy Soil to Rice Grain of Radionuclides <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs Investigation in Taiwan Agronomy radionuclides soil paddy rice grain rice components transfer factors (TFs) |
| title | Assessment Activity Concentrations of Rice Components (Root, Stem, Leaf, and Grain) and Transfer Factors (TF) from Paddy Soil to Rice Grain of Radionuclides <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs Investigation in Taiwan |
| title_full | Assessment Activity Concentrations of Rice Components (Root, Stem, Leaf, and Grain) and Transfer Factors (TF) from Paddy Soil to Rice Grain of Radionuclides <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs Investigation in Taiwan |
| title_fullStr | Assessment Activity Concentrations of Rice Components (Root, Stem, Leaf, and Grain) and Transfer Factors (TF) from Paddy Soil to Rice Grain of Radionuclides <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs Investigation in Taiwan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment Activity Concentrations of Rice Components (Root, Stem, Leaf, and Grain) and Transfer Factors (TF) from Paddy Soil to Rice Grain of Radionuclides <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs Investigation in Taiwan |
| title_short | Assessment Activity Concentrations of Rice Components (Root, Stem, Leaf, and Grain) and Transfer Factors (TF) from Paddy Soil to Rice Grain of Radionuclides <sup>40</sup>K, <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>137</sup>Cs Investigation in Taiwan |
| title_sort | assessment activity concentrations of rice components root stem leaf and grain and transfer factors tf from paddy soil to rice grain of radionuclides sup 40 sup k sup 226 sup ra sup 232 sup th and sup 137 sup cs investigation in taiwan |
| topic | radionuclides soil paddy rice grain rice components transfer factors (TFs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/23 |
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