Impact of Intrauterine Insults on Fetal and Postnatal Cerebellar Development in Humans and Rodents
Many children suffer from neurodevelopmental aberrations that have long-term effects. To understand the consequences of pathological processes during particular periods in neurodevelopment, one has to understand the differences in the developmental timelines of brain regions. The cerebellum is one o...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| author | Judith A. W. Westerhuis Jeroen Dudink Bente E. C. A. Wijnands Chris I. De Zeeuw Cathrin B. Canto |
| author_facet | Judith A. W. Westerhuis Jeroen Dudink Bente E. C. A. Wijnands Chris I. De Zeeuw Cathrin B. Canto |
| author_sort | Judith A. W. Westerhuis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many children suffer from neurodevelopmental aberrations that have long-term effects. To understand the consequences of pathological processes during particular periods in neurodevelopment, one has to understand the differences in the developmental timelines of brain regions. The cerebellum is one of the first brain structures to differentiate during development but one of the last to achieve maturity. This relatively long period of development underscores its vulnerability to detrimental environmental exposures throughout gestation. Moreover, as postnatal functionality of the cerebellum is multifaceted, enveloping sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional domains, prenatal disruptions in cerebellar development can result in a large variety of neurological and mental health disorders. Here, we review major intrauterine insults that affect cerebellar development in both humans and rodents, ranging from abuse of toxic chemical agents, such as alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and opioids, to stress, malnutrition, and infections. Understanding these pathological mechanisms in the context of the different stages of cerebellar development in humans and rodents can help us to identify critical and vulnerable periods and thereby prevent the risk of associated prenatal and early postnatal damage that can lead to lifelong neurological and cognitive disabilities. The aim of the review is to raise awareness and to provide information for obstetricians and other healthcare professionals to eventually design strategies for preventing or rescuing related neurodevelopmental disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3e91d6f4b5924f2abd3f637c407d664e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj-art-3e91d6f4b5924f2abd3f637c407d664e2025-08-20T01:53:53ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092024-11-011322191110.3390/cells13221911Impact of Intrauterine Insults on Fetal and Postnatal Cerebellar Development in Humans and RodentsJudith A. W. Westerhuis0Jeroen Dudink1Bente E. C. A. Wijnands2Chris I. De Zeeuw3Cathrin B. Canto4Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 EA Utrecht, The NetherlandsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The NetherlandsNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The NetherlandsMany children suffer from neurodevelopmental aberrations that have long-term effects. To understand the consequences of pathological processes during particular periods in neurodevelopment, one has to understand the differences in the developmental timelines of brain regions. The cerebellum is one of the first brain structures to differentiate during development but one of the last to achieve maturity. This relatively long period of development underscores its vulnerability to detrimental environmental exposures throughout gestation. Moreover, as postnatal functionality of the cerebellum is multifaceted, enveloping sensorimotor, cognitive, and emotional domains, prenatal disruptions in cerebellar development can result in a large variety of neurological and mental health disorders. Here, we review major intrauterine insults that affect cerebellar development in both humans and rodents, ranging from abuse of toxic chemical agents, such as alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and opioids, to stress, malnutrition, and infections. Understanding these pathological mechanisms in the context of the different stages of cerebellar development in humans and rodents can help us to identify critical and vulnerable periods and thereby prevent the risk of associated prenatal and early postnatal damage that can lead to lifelong neurological and cognitive disabilities. The aim of the review is to raise awareness and to provide information for obstetricians and other healthcare professionals to eventually design strategies for preventing or rescuing related neurodevelopmental disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/22/1911cerebellumdevelopmentintrauterine insultsalcohol drug abusenicotinestress |
| spellingShingle | Judith A. W. Westerhuis Jeroen Dudink Bente E. C. A. Wijnands Chris I. De Zeeuw Cathrin B. Canto Impact of Intrauterine Insults on Fetal and Postnatal Cerebellar Development in Humans and Rodents Cells cerebellum development intrauterine insults alcohol drug abuse nicotine stress |
| title | Impact of Intrauterine Insults on Fetal and Postnatal Cerebellar Development in Humans and Rodents |
| title_full | Impact of Intrauterine Insults on Fetal and Postnatal Cerebellar Development in Humans and Rodents |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Intrauterine Insults on Fetal and Postnatal Cerebellar Development in Humans and Rodents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Intrauterine Insults on Fetal and Postnatal Cerebellar Development in Humans and Rodents |
| title_short | Impact of Intrauterine Insults on Fetal and Postnatal Cerebellar Development in Humans and Rodents |
| title_sort | impact of intrauterine insults on fetal and postnatal cerebellar development in humans and rodents |
| topic | cerebellum development intrauterine insults alcohol drug abuse nicotine stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/13/22/1911 |
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