Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine
Adverse events following immunizations (AEFIs) with recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) are underexplored in fragile populations. This study aims to assess incidence, duration, and characteristics of AEFIs, focusing on the impact of sex, age, and prior Herpes Zoster (HZ) infection in a frail population...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/2/195 |
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| author | Maria Costantino Valentina Giudice Giuseppina Moccia Monica Ragozzino Salvatore Calabrese Francesco Caiazzo Massimo Beatrice Walter Longanella Simona Caruccio Candida Iacuzzo Carmen Giugliano Mariagrazia Bathilde Marongiu Giovanni Genovese Bianca Serio Emilia Anna Vozzella Amelia Filippelli Francesco De Caro |
| author_facet | Maria Costantino Valentina Giudice Giuseppina Moccia Monica Ragozzino Salvatore Calabrese Francesco Caiazzo Massimo Beatrice Walter Longanella Simona Caruccio Candida Iacuzzo Carmen Giugliano Mariagrazia Bathilde Marongiu Giovanni Genovese Bianca Serio Emilia Anna Vozzella Amelia Filippelli Francesco De Caro |
| author_sort | Maria Costantino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adverse events following immunizations (AEFIs) with recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) are underexplored in fragile populations. This study aims to assess incidence, duration, and characteristics of AEFIs, focusing on the impact of sex, age, and prior Herpes Zoster (HZ) infection in a frail population, including solid organ transplant recipients. We conducted an observational study on patients receiving RZV, and AEFIs were classified as local or systemic and analyzed for incidence, duration, and patterns across groups. We showed that females had a higher incidence of AEFIs (<i>p</i> = 0.02), both local and systemic symptoms, such as swelling +/− redness at the site of injection and fatigue, after the first and second doses. Younger adults experienced more systemic reactions, while older adults reported more local events (e.g., redness and swelling, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Moreover, patients with previous HZ infection exhibited a higher incidence of AEFIs after the second dose (68% vs. 38%, <i>p</i> = 0.001). In conclusion, sex, age, and clinical history significantly influenced AEFI incidence and manifestations. Therefore, it is important to personalize vaccination strategies in frail populations, by tailored administration and monitoring plans, especially in females and individuals with prior HZ infection, to improve vaccine safety and patient outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3e837fb0e92e4abaa47823e6a4576f87 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-3e837fb0e92e4abaa47823e6a4576f872025-08-20T02:04:02ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-02-0114219510.3390/pathogens14020195Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant VaccineMaria Costantino0Valentina Giudice1Giuseppina Moccia2Monica Ragozzino3Salvatore Calabrese4Francesco Caiazzo5Massimo Beatrice6Walter Longanella7Simona Caruccio8Candida Iacuzzo9Carmen Giugliano10Mariagrazia Bathilde Marongiu11Giovanni Genovese12Bianca Serio13Emilia Anna Vozzella14Amelia Filippelli15Francesco De Caro16Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyUniversity Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona”, 84131 Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, ItalyDepartment of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, ItalyAdverse events following immunizations (AEFIs) with recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) are underexplored in fragile populations. This study aims to assess incidence, duration, and characteristics of AEFIs, focusing on the impact of sex, age, and prior Herpes Zoster (HZ) infection in a frail population, including solid organ transplant recipients. We conducted an observational study on patients receiving RZV, and AEFIs were classified as local or systemic and analyzed for incidence, duration, and patterns across groups. We showed that females had a higher incidence of AEFIs (<i>p</i> = 0.02), both local and systemic symptoms, such as swelling +/− redness at the site of injection and fatigue, after the first and second doses. Younger adults experienced more systemic reactions, while older adults reported more local events (e.g., redness and swelling, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Moreover, patients with previous HZ infection exhibited a higher incidence of AEFIs after the second dose (68% vs. 38%, <i>p</i> = 0.001). In conclusion, sex, age, and clinical history significantly influenced AEFI incidence and manifestations. Therefore, it is important to personalize vaccination strategies in frail populations, by tailored administration and monitoring plans, especially in females and individuals with prior HZ infection, to improve vaccine safety and patient outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/2/195recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV)gender differenceage-related responsesAEFIfragile populations |
| spellingShingle | Maria Costantino Valentina Giudice Giuseppina Moccia Monica Ragozzino Salvatore Calabrese Francesco Caiazzo Massimo Beatrice Walter Longanella Simona Caruccio Candida Iacuzzo Carmen Giugliano Mariagrazia Bathilde Marongiu Giovanni Genovese Bianca Serio Emilia Anna Vozzella Amelia Filippelli Francesco De Caro Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine Pathogens recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) gender difference age-related responses AEFI fragile populations |
| title | Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine |
| title_full | Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine |
| title_fullStr | Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine |
| title_short | Sex, Age, and Previous Herpes Zoster Infection Role on Adverse Events Following Immunization with Adjuvanted Recombinant Vaccine |
| title_sort | sex age and previous herpes zoster infection role on adverse events following immunization with adjuvanted recombinant vaccine |
| topic | recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) gender difference age-related responses AEFI fragile populations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/2/195 |
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