Engineered exosomes: advanced nanocarriers for targeted therapy and drug delivery in hematological malignancies

Abstract Hematological malignancies present significant therapeutic challenges, often complicated by drug resistance, poor bioavailability, and systemic toxicity of conventional treatments. Engineered exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic carriers, offering unique advantages over synthetic...

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Main Authors: Mahsa Rahgoshay, Amir Atashi, Mohammad Vaezi, Mehdi Ajorloo, Sedigheh Amini-Kafiabad, Mohammad Ahmadvand
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Cancer Nanotechnology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12645-025-00334-1
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author Mahsa Rahgoshay
Amir Atashi
Mohammad Vaezi
Mehdi Ajorloo
Sedigheh Amini-Kafiabad
Mohammad Ahmadvand
author_facet Mahsa Rahgoshay
Amir Atashi
Mohammad Vaezi
Mehdi Ajorloo
Sedigheh Amini-Kafiabad
Mohammad Ahmadvand
author_sort Mahsa Rahgoshay
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Hematological malignancies present significant therapeutic challenges, often complicated by drug resistance, poor bioavailability, and systemic toxicity of conventional treatments. Engineered exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic carriers, offering unique advantages over synthetic nanoparticles through their natural biocompatibility, enhanced barrier penetration, and intrinsic cell-targeting capabilities. This review examines recent advances in exosome engineering strategies for hematological malignancy treatment, encompassing both parental cell-based modifications and direct engineering approaches. We discuss innovative applications across different malignancies, including targeted delivery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia, small interfering RNA delivery in lymphoma, and proteasome inhibitor transport in multiple myeloma. Notably, engineered exosomes demonstrate remarkable efficacy in overcoming drug resistance mechanisms and enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Surface modification techniques, including antibody decoration and peptide conjugation, have significantly improved targeting specificity and cellular uptake. Despite promising results, challenges persist in scalable production, standardization, and regulatory compliance. We analyze current limitations and propose future directions, emphasizing the development of standardized protocols, quality metrics, and regulatory frameworks. As this field advances, engineered exosomes show the potential to revolutionize hematological cancer treatment through precise, personalized therapeutic delivery systems with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.
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institution DOAJ
issn 1868-6958
1868-6966
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
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series Cancer Nanotechnology
spelling doaj-art-3e81db4948ad496fbe739c87378d53202025-08-20T03:03:20ZengBMCCancer Nanotechnology1868-69581868-69662025-07-0116115010.1186/s12645-025-00334-1Engineered exosomes: advanced nanocarriers for targeted therapy and drug delivery in hematological malignanciesMahsa Rahgoshay0Amir Atashi1Mohammad Vaezi2Mehdi Ajorloo3Sedigheh Amini-Kafiabad4Mohammad Ahmadvand5Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion MedicineDepartment of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesHematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesBiological Products and Blood Safety Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion MedicineBiological Products and Blood Safety Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion MedicineCell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Hematological malignancies present significant therapeutic challenges, often complicated by drug resistance, poor bioavailability, and systemic toxicity of conventional treatments. Engineered exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic carriers, offering unique advantages over synthetic nanoparticles through their natural biocompatibility, enhanced barrier penetration, and intrinsic cell-targeting capabilities. This review examines recent advances in exosome engineering strategies for hematological malignancy treatment, encompassing both parental cell-based modifications and direct engineering approaches. We discuss innovative applications across different malignancies, including targeted delivery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia, small interfering RNA delivery in lymphoma, and proteasome inhibitor transport in multiple myeloma. Notably, engineered exosomes demonstrate remarkable efficacy in overcoming drug resistance mechanisms and enhancing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Surface modification techniques, including antibody decoration and peptide conjugation, have significantly improved targeting specificity and cellular uptake. Despite promising results, challenges persist in scalable production, standardization, and regulatory compliance. We analyze current limitations and propose future directions, emphasizing the development of standardized protocols, quality metrics, and regulatory frameworks. As this field advances, engineered exosomes show the potential to revolutionize hematological cancer treatment through precise, personalized therapeutic delivery systems with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12645-025-00334-1Extracellular vesiclesEngineered exosomesHematological malignanciesDrug delivery systemsSmart targeting
spellingShingle Mahsa Rahgoshay
Amir Atashi
Mohammad Vaezi
Mehdi Ajorloo
Sedigheh Amini-Kafiabad
Mohammad Ahmadvand
Engineered exosomes: advanced nanocarriers for targeted therapy and drug delivery in hematological malignancies
Cancer Nanotechnology
Extracellular vesicles
Engineered exosomes
Hematological malignancies
Drug delivery systems
Smart targeting
title Engineered exosomes: advanced nanocarriers for targeted therapy and drug delivery in hematological malignancies
title_full Engineered exosomes: advanced nanocarriers for targeted therapy and drug delivery in hematological malignancies
title_fullStr Engineered exosomes: advanced nanocarriers for targeted therapy and drug delivery in hematological malignancies
title_full_unstemmed Engineered exosomes: advanced nanocarriers for targeted therapy and drug delivery in hematological malignancies
title_short Engineered exosomes: advanced nanocarriers for targeted therapy and drug delivery in hematological malignancies
title_sort engineered exosomes advanced nanocarriers for targeted therapy and drug delivery in hematological malignancies
topic Extracellular vesicles
Engineered exosomes
Hematological malignancies
Drug delivery systems
Smart targeting
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12645-025-00334-1
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AT mohammadvaezi engineeredexosomesadvancednanocarriersfortargetedtherapyanddrugdeliveryinhematologicalmalignancies
AT mehdiajorloo engineeredexosomesadvancednanocarriersfortargetedtherapyanddrugdeliveryinhematologicalmalignancies
AT sedighehaminikafiabad engineeredexosomesadvancednanocarriersfortargetedtherapyanddrugdeliveryinhematologicalmalignancies
AT mohammadahmadvand engineeredexosomesadvancednanocarriersfortargetedtherapyanddrugdeliveryinhematologicalmalignancies