Divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems

The manipulation experiments involving increased precipitation and elevated temperature have elucidated a series of responses to the carbon fluxes (gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP)) in grassland ecosystems. It is still unclear how t...

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Main Authors: Weikang Zhang, Shan Cong, Zhaogang Liu, Ming Zhao, Zhaoxia Jiang, Congcong Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Global Ecology and Conservation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989424004931
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author Weikang Zhang
Shan Cong
Zhaogang Liu
Ming Zhao
Zhaoxia Jiang
Congcong Zheng
author_facet Weikang Zhang
Shan Cong
Zhaogang Liu
Ming Zhao
Zhaoxia Jiang
Congcong Zheng
author_sort Weikang Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The manipulation experiments involving increased precipitation and elevated temperature have elucidated a series of responses to the carbon fluxes (gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP)) in grassland ecosystems. It is still unclear how the duration, magnitude or local climate conditions of these manipulation experiments can affect the response of GEP, ER, and NEP. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis using data from 50 published studies that manipulated precipitation or temperature, while measuring GEP, ER, and NEP in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems. The results showed that increased precipitation significantly increased the GEP and ER of grassland ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere, with an average increase of 9.8 % and 12.5 %, respectively. In contrast to increased precipitation, warming did not have a significant effect on GEP and ER. Meantime, there was no significant response of the NEP to both elevated temperature and increased precipitation. Furthermore, we found that the responses of carbon fluxes in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems were associated with the magnitude and duration of increased precipitation, as well as to local temperature and precipitation changes induced by increased precipitation and elevated temperature. GEP was positively correlated with the local temperature under warming and increased precipitation. These findings emphasize the divergent response of carbon fluxes to climate factors change such as temperature and precipitation in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems, which helps us better protect grasslands and predict ecosystem functions in the future.
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issn 2351-9894
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publishDate 2024-12-01
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spelling doaj-art-3e653078584940cdbe3fe8f6a15bb4502025-08-20T02:49:05ZengElsevierGlobal Ecology and Conservation2351-98942024-12-0156e0328910.1016/j.gecco.2024.e03289Divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystemsWeikang Zhang0Shan Cong1Zhaogang Liu2Ming Zhao3Zhaoxia Jiang4Congcong Zheng5National Institute of Natural Hazards, Beijing 100085, ChinaCollege of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134002, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Conservation, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, ChinaSchool of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security of Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, ChinaINRAE, UMR ISPA, Villenave d’Ornon 33140, France; Corresponding author.The manipulation experiments involving increased precipitation and elevated temperature have elucidated a series of responses to the carbon fluxes (gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP)) in grassland ecosystems. It is still unclear how the duration, magnitude or local climate conditions of these manipulation experiments can affect the response of GEP, ER, and NEP. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis using data from 50 published studies that manipulated precipitation or temperature, while measuring GEP, ER, and NEP in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems. The results showed that increased precipitation significantly increased the GEP and ER of grassland ecosystems in the Northern Hemisphere, with an average increase of 9.8 % and 12.5 %, respectively. In contrast to increased precipitation, warming did not have a significant effect on GEP and ER. Meantime, there was no significant response of the NEP to both elevated temperature and increased precipitation. Furthermore, we found that the responses of carbon fluxes in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems were associated with the magnitude and duration of increased precipitation, as well as to local temperature and precipitation changes induced by increased precipitation and elevated temperature. GEP was positively correlated with the local temperature under warming and increased precipitation. These findings emphasize the divergent response of carbon fluxes to climate factors change such as temperature and precipitation in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems, which helps us better protect grasslands and predict ecosystem functions in the future.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989424004931Carbon fluxesGrasslandElevated temperatureIncreased precipitationMeta-analysis
spellingShingle Weikang Zhang
Shan Cong
Zhaogang Liu
Ming Zhao
Zhaoxia Jiang
Congcong Zheng
Divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems
Global Ecology and Conservation
Carbon fluxes
Grassland
Elevated temperature
Increased precipitation
Meta-analysis
title Divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems
title_full Divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems
title_fullStr Divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems
title_full_unstemmed Divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems
title_short Divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems
title_sort divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation a meta analysis in north hemisphere grassland ecosystems
topic Carbon fluxes
Grassland
Elevated temperature
Increased precipitation
Meta-analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989424004931
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