Temperature-triggered inflatable hydrogel muscles with snap-through instability for untethered robots

Abstract Pneumatic artificial muscles have been widely used in the field of robotics because of their large output force and fast actuation, however, the accompanying bulky compressors and pumps limit their miniaturized applications. Despite current untethered pneumatic artificial muscles can be dri...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yande Cui, Jianhua Hu, Ziyang Dong, Bing Li, Chunyu Chang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58731-4
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849737572619649024
author Yande Cui
Jianhua Hu
Ziyang Dong
Bing Li
Chunyu Chang
author_facet Yande Cui
Jianhua Hu
Ziyang Dong
Bing Li
Chunyu Chang
author_sort Yande Cui
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Pneumatic artificial muscles have been widely used in the field of robotics because of their large output force and fast actuation, however, the accompanying bulky compressors and pumps limit their miniaturized applications. Despite current untethered pneumatic artificial muscles can be driven by adjusting the internal pressure, it is challenging to structurally mimic natural muscles with high water content. Here, we propose untethered pneumatic artificial muscles comprising a hydrogel actuator with snap-through instability and an air storage chamber. These hydrogel actuators can realize the conversion from hydrophobic association of octyl acrylate moieties to host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin and octyl acrylate under thermal stimuli, leading to the decrease of their moduli. The inflated hydrogel actuators exhibit rapid actuation with a radial expansion speed of 200% s−1, which are powered by snap-through instability, thermal expansion of the gas inside the hydrogel actuator, and evaporation of water on its internal surface. With the pneumatic artificial muscles miniaturized, we demonstrate diving and rolling robots, exemplifying bionic robots able to adapt to and modify the environment. We expect that the design of hydrogel actuator in miniaturized pneumatic artificial muscles will facilitate rapid locomotion for future bionic robotic platforms.
format Article
id doaj-art-3e62132b68884762b70aab4cabd97942
institution DOAJ
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-3e62132b68884762b70aab4cabd979422025-08-20T03:06:52ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-011611910.1038/s41467-025-58731-4Temperature-triggered inflatable hydrogel muscles with snap-through instability for untethered robotsYande Cui0Jianhua Hu1Ziyang Dong2Bing Li3Chunyu Chang4Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan UniversityCollege of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityDepartment of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityAbstract Pneumatic artificial muscles have been widely used in the field of robotics because of their large output force and fast actuation, however, the accompanying bulky compressors and pumps limit their miniaturized applications. Despite current untethered pneumatic artificial muscles can be driven by adjusting the internal pressure, it is challenging to structurally mimic natural muscles with high water content. Here, we propose untethered pneumatic artificial muscles comprising a hydrogel actuator with snap-through instability and an air storage chamber. These hydrogel actuators can realize the conversion from hydrophobic association of octyl acrylate moieties to host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin and octyl acrylate under thermal stimuli, leading to the decrease of their moduli. The inflated hydrogel actuators exhibit rapid actuation with a radial expansion speed of 200% s−1, which are powered by snap-through instability, thermal expansion of the gas inside the hydrogel actuator, and evaporation of water on its internal surface. With the pneumatic artificial muscles miniaturized, we demonstrate diving and rolling robots, exemplifying bionic robots able to adapt to and modify the environment. We expect that the design of hydrogel actuator in miniaturized pneumatic artificial muscles will facilitate rapid locomotion for future bionic robotic platforms.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58731-4
spellingShingle Yande Cui
Jianhua Hu
Ziyang Dong
Bing Li
Chunyu Chang
Temperature-triggered inflatable hydrogel muscles with snap-through instability for untethered robots
Nature Communications
title Temperature-triggered inflatable hydrogel muscles with snap-through instability for untethered robots
title_full Temperature-triggered inflatable hydrogel muscles with snap-through instability for untethered robots
title_fullStr Temperature-triggered inflatable hydrogel muscles with snap-through instability for untethered robots
title_full_unstemmed Temperature-triggered inflatable hydrogel muscles with snap-through instability for untethered robots
title_short Temperature-triggered inflatable hydrogel muscles with snap-through instability for untethered robots
title_sort temperature triggered inflatable hydrogel muscles with snap through instability for untethered robots
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58731-4
work_keys_str_mv AT yandecui temperaturetriggeredinflatablehydrogelmuscleswithsnapthroughinstabilityforuntetheredrobots
AT jianhuahu temperaturetriggeredinflatablehydrogelmuscleswithsnapthroughinstabilityforuntetheredrobots
AT ziyangdong temperaturetriggeredinflatablehydrogelmuscleswithsnapthroughinstabilityforuntetheredrobots
AT bingli temperaturetriggeredinflatablehydrogelmuscleswithsnapthroughinstabilityforuntetheredrobots
AT chunyuchang temperaturetriggeredinflatablehydrogelmuscleswithsnapthroughinstabilityforuntetheredrobots