Effect of Inter-Pass Temperature and Time on Martensite Formation in the Heat-Affected Zone During Multi-Pass Welding of P91 Steel
Dilatometry was used to simulate and analyze martensite formation in the grain-coarsened heat-affected zone (GCHAZ) of P91 steel for high inter-pass temperatures during multi-pass welding. The inter-pass temperature of 360 °C was within the dual-phase temperature range (~400 °C to 240 °C), but becau...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Druce Dunne Huijun Li Elena Pereloma |
| author_facet | Druce Dunne Huijun Li Elena Pereloma |
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| description | Dilatometry was used to simulate and analyze martensite formation in the grain-coarsened heat-affected zone (GCHAZ) of P91 steel for high inter-pass temperatures during multi-pass welding. The inter-pass temperature of 360 °C was within the dual-phase temperature range (~400 °C to 240 °C), but because of the unexpected formation of isothermal martensite, the microstructure at the inter-pass temperature was substantially martensitic and similar in microstructure and hardness to those obtained using lower, conventional inter-pass temperatures (about 250 °C). The results for martensite formation indicate that kinetic classifications for transformation in carbon and alloyed steels should take into account the overlapping effects of the diffusionless transformation and thermally activated processes associated with dislocation motion and the diffusion of interstitial elements. Furthermore, the M<sub>S</sub> temperature was found to be highly sensitive to the microstructural state of the austenite and the availability of nucleating sites for martensite formation. The data for the kinetics of martensite formation were inconsistent with the widely used Koistinen and Marburger (KM) equation for predicting the volume fraction of martensite as a function of quench temperature. It is concluded that the KM equation has limited applicability |
| format | Article |
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| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-3e5a3a1ec10a4ddcaa67951935f18a972025-08-20T02:34:01ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012025-04-0115550110.3390/met15050501Effect of Inter-Pass Temperature and Time on Martensite Formation in the Heat-Affected Zone During Multi-Pass Welding of P91 SteelDruce Dunne0Huijun Li1Elena Pereloma2School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaSchool of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaSchool of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, AustraliaDilatometry was used to simulate and analyze martensite formation in the grain-coarsened heat-affected zone (GCHAZ) of P91 steel for high inter-pass temperatures during multi-pass welding. The inter-pass temperature of 360 °C was within the dual-phase temperature range (~400 °C to 240 °C), but because of the unexpected formation of isothermal martensite, the microstructure at the inter-pass temperature was substantially martensitic and similar in microstructure and hardness to those obtained using lower, conventional inter-pass temperatures (about 250 °C). The results for martensite formation indicate that kinetic classifications for transformation in carbon and alloyed steels should take into account the overlapping effects of the diffusionless transformation and thermally activated processes associated with dislocation motion and the diffusion of interstitial elements. Furthermore, the M<sub>S</sub> temperature was found to be highly sensitive to the microstructural state of the austenite and the availability of nucleating sites for martensite formation. The data for the kinetics of martensite formation were inconsistent with the widely used Koistinen and Marburger (KM) equation for predicting the volume fraction of martensite as a function of quench temperature. It is concluded that the KM equation has limited applicabilityhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/5/501alloy steelmulti-pass weldingP91heat affected zonemartensitic transformationdilatometry |
| spellingShingle | Druce Dunne Huijun Li Elena Pereloma Effect of Inter-Pass Temperature and Time on Martensite Formation in the Heat-Affected Zone During Multi-Pass Welding of P91 Steel Metals alloy steel multi-pass welding P91 heat affected zone martensitic transformation dilatometry |
| title | Effect of Inter-Pass Temperature and Time on Martensite Formation in the Heat-Affected Zone During Multi-Pass Welding of P91 Steel |
| title_full | Effect of Inter-Pass Temperature and Time on Martensite Formation in the Heat-Affected Zone During Multi-Pass Welding of P91 Steel |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Inter-Pass Temperature and Time on Martensite Formation in the Heat-Affected Zone During Multi-Pass Welding of P91 Steel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Inter-Pass Temperature and Time on Martensite Formation in the Heat-Affected Zone During Multi-Pass Welding of P91 Steel |
| title_short | Effect of Inter-Pass Temperature and Time on Martensite Formation in the Heat-Affected Zone During Multi-Pass Welding of P91 Steel |
| title_sort | effect of inter pass temperature and time on martensite formation in the heat affected zone during multi pass welding of p91 steel |
| topic | alloy steel multi-pass welding P91 heat affected zone martensitic transformation dilatometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/15/5/501 |
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