Development of Herbal Mouthwash Powder Using a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Galangal Extract and Lemongrass Oil for Oral Candidiasis Treatment
<b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to develop and characterize the physicochemical properties of a self-emulsion drug delivery system (SNEDDS) incorporating galangal extract (GE) and lemongrass oil (LGO). Then, to develop mouthwash powders containing GE- and LGO-loaded SNEDDS (GL-mouthwa...
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2025-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/546 |
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| author | Premnapa Sisopa Supaporn Lamlertthon Ruchadaporn Kaomongkolgit Pratthana Chomchalao Waree Tiyaboonchai |
| author_facet | Premnapa Sisopa Supaporn Lamlertthon Ruchadaporn Kaomongkolgit Pratthana Chomchalao Waree Tiyaboonchai |
| author_sort | Premnapa Sisopa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to develop and characterize the physicochemical properties of a self-emulsion drug delivery system (SNEDDS) incorporating galangal extract (GE) and lemongrass oil (LGO). Then, to develop mouthwash powders containing GE- and LGO-loaded SNEDDS (GL-mouthwash powder) as a promising alternative for preventing and treating denture stomatitis. <b>Methods:</b> The solubility of GE in various vehicles was determined. Subsequently, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the different ingredients, oil (LGO), surfactant (Tween<sup>®</sup> 80), and co-surfactant (Propylene glycol) were selected to develop the SNEDDS. Then, SNEDDS containing GE and LGO (GL-SNEDDS) were prepared and characterized. The optimized liquid GL-SNEDDS was transformed into GL-mouthwash powder by absorbing onto mannitol and blending with a sweetener. Subsequently, various evaluations including drug recovery, moisture content, emulsification time, stability, anti-<i>Candida</i> activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity were performed. <b>Results:</b> The developed SNEDDS formulation improved GE and LGO solubility. The optimized GL-SNEDDS exhibited a small droplet size of 148.2 ± 2.1 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.11 ± 0.03 and a zeta potential of 2.14 ± 0.11 mV. In addition, the GL-mouthwash powder demonstrated a high drug recovery of >80% with a low moisture of <10% and exhibited greater physicochemical stability under accelerated conditions. The developed GL-mouthwash powder rapidly formed a stable nanoemulsion within 2 min after reconstitution. Interestingly, GL-mouthwash powder exhibited strong anti-<i>Candida</i> activity with no toxicity to human fibroblast cells, which demonstrated superior biocompatibility relative to existing commercial products. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that GL-mouthwash powder has potential as an alternative prevention and treatment of oral <i>Candida</i> infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3e565b33bd2e447da0184ba56ea839b3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-3e565b33bd2e447da0184ba56ea839b32025-08-20T03:14:35ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-04-0117554610.3390/pharmaceutics17050546Development of Herbal Mouthwash Powder Using a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Galangal Extract and Lemongrass Oil for Oral Candidiasis TreatmentPremnapa Sisopa0Supaporn Lamlertthon1Ruchadaporn Kaomongkolgit2Pratthana Chomchalao3Waree Tiyaboonchai4Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, ThailandDepartment of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, ThailandCollege of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand<b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to develop and characterize the physicochemical properties of a self-emulsion drug delivery system (SNEDDS) incorporating galangal extract (GE) and lemongrass oil (LGO). Then, to develop mouthwash powders containing GE- and LGO-loaded SNEDDS (GL-mouthwash powder) as a promising alternative for preventing and treating denture stomatitis. <b>Methods:</b> The solubility of GE in various vehicles was determined. Subsequently, pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the different ingredients, oil (LGO), surfactant (Tween<sup>®</sup> 80), and co-surfactant (Propylene glycol) were selected to develop the SNEDDS. Then, SNEDDS containing GE and LGO (GL-SNEDDS) were prepared and characterized. The optimized liquid GL-SNEDDS was transformed into GL-mouthwash powder by absorbing onto mannitol and blending with a sweetener. Subsequently, various evaluations including drug recovery, moisture content, emulsification time, stability, anti-<i>Candida</i> activity, and in vitro cytotoxicity were performed. <b>Results:</b> The developed SNEDDS formulation improved GE and LGO solubility. The optimized GL-SNEDDS exhibited a small droplet size of 148.2 ± 2.1 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.11 ± 0.03 and a zeta potential of 2.14 ± 0.11 mV. In addition, the GL-mouthwash powder demonstrated a high drug recovery of >80% with a low moisture of <10% and exhibited greater physicochemical stability under accelerated conditions. The developed GL-mouthwash powder rapidly formed a stable nanoemulsion within 2 min after reconstitution. Interestingly, GL-mouthwash powder exhibited strong anti-<i>Candida</i> activity with no toxicity to human fibroblast cells, which demonstrated superior biocompatibility relative to existing commercial products. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that GL-mouthwash powder has potential as an alternative prevention and treatment of oral <i>Candida</i> infection.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/546SNEDDSmouthwashgalanga extractlemongrass oildenture stomatitis |
| spellingShingle | Premnapa Sisopa Supaporn Lamlertthon Ruchadaporn Kaomongkolgit Pratthana Chomchalao Waree Tiyaboonchai Development of Herbal Mouthwash Powder Using a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Galangal Extract and Lemongrass Oil for Oral Candidiasis Treatment Pharmaceutics SNEDDS mouthwash galanga extract lemongrass oil denture stomatitis |
| title | Development of Herbal Mouthwash Powder Using a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Galangal Extract and Lemongrass Oil for Oral Candidiasis Treatment |
| title_full | Development of Herbal Mouthwash Powder Using a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Galangal Extract and Lemongrass Oil for Oral Candidiasis Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Development of Herbal Mouthwash Powder Using a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Galangal Extract and Lemongrass Oil for Oral Candidiasis Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Herbal Mouthwash Powder Using a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Galangal Extract and Lemongrass Oil for Oral Candidiasis Treatment |
| title_short | Development of Herbal Mouthwash Powder Using a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Containing Galangal Extract and Lemongrass Oil for Oral Candidiasis Treatment |
| title_sort | development of herbal mouthwash powder using a self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system containing galangal extract and lemongrass oil for oral candidiasis treatment |
| topic | SNEDDS mouthwash galanga extract lemongrass oil denture stomatitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/5/546 |
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