Evaluating the Discriminative Performance of Noninvasive Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis B/C, Alcoholic Cirrhosis, and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis: A Comparative Analysis

<b>Introduction:</b> The clinical implementation of noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis assessment has attracted increasing attention, particularly for diagnosing advanced fibrosis (≥F3). This observational study aimed to evaluate the stratification accuracy of nine direct and seven ind...

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Main Authors: Alina Dumitrache (Păunescu), Nicoleta Anca Ionescu (Șuțan), Monica Marilena Țânțu, Maria Cristina Ponepal, Liliana Cristina Soare, Ana Cătălina Țânțu, Muhammed Atamanalp, Ileana Monica Baniță, Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/13/1575
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author Alina Dumitrache (Păunescu)
Nicoleta Anca Ionescu (Șuțan)
Monica Marilena Țânțu
Maria Cristina Ponepal
Liliana Cristina Soare
Ana Cătălina Țânțu
Muhammed Atamanalp
Ileana Monica Baniță
Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi
author_facet Alina Dumitrache (Păunescu)
Nicoleta Anca Ionescu (Șuțan)
Monica Marilena Țânțu
Maria Cristina Ponepal
Liliana Cristina Soare
Ana Cătălina Țânțu
Muhammed Atamanalp
Ileana Monica Baniță
Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi
author_sort Alina Dumitrache (Păunescu)
collection DOAJ
description <b>Introduction:</b> The clinical implementation of noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis assessment has attracted increasing attention, particularly for diagnosing advanced fibrosis (≥F3). This observational study aimed to evaluate the stratification accuracy of nine direct and seven indirect biomarkers across four etiologies: chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC), and nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis (NALC). <b>Materials and Methods</b>: Our study was conducted on 116 participants, including 96 with chronic liver disease (16 CHB, 15 CHC, 49 ALC, and 16 NALC) and 20 healthy controls. The values of direct (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, serum albumin, platelet count, international normalized ratio, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, CD5 antigen-like, and transforming growth factor-beta 1) and indirect non-serological biomarkers (De Ritis ratio, albumin–bilirubin score, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet-ratio index, fibrosis-4 index, INR-to-platelet ratio, and fibrosis quotient) were analyzed for their discriminative power in fibrosis stratification. <b>Results:</b> Statistical analyses revealed a significant correlation (0.05 level; two-tailed), and AUC 95% CI ranged within 0.50–1.00 between the direct and indirect biomarker values across all etiologies. Among the evaluated biomarkers, the recorded AUC was 0.998 in CHB for APRI, 0.981 in CHC for FIB-4, and 1.000 in ALC and NALC for APRI and AST, respectively, while CD5L consistently achieved an AUC of 1.000 across all etiologies. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that applying a multifactorial approach in liver pathology may improve diagnosis accuracy compared to the use of individual biomarkers and can provide data that may inform the development of clinically applicable mathematical models.
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spelling doaj-art-3e560d60658449d790429f26d78a44ca2025-08-20T03:16:43ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-06-011513157510.3390/diagnostics15131575Evaluating the Discriminative Performance of Noninvasive Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis B/C, Alcoholic Cirrhosis, and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis: A Comparative AnalysisAlina Dumitrache (Păunescu)0Nicoleta Anca Ionescu (Șuțan)1Monica Marilena Țânțu2Maria Cristina Ponepal3Liliana Cristina Soare4Ana Cătălina Țânțu5Muhammed Atamanalp6Ileana Monica Baniță7Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi8University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru-Rareș Street No. 2, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Piteşti University Centre, 1st Targu din Vale Str., 110040 Pitesti, RomaniaDepartment of Medical Assistance and Physical Therapy, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Piteşti University Centre, 1st Targu din Vale Str., 110040 Pitesti, RomaniaDepartment of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Piteşti University Centre, 1st Targu din Vale Str., 110040 Pitesti, RomaniaDepartment of Natural Sciences, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Piteşti University Centre, 1st Targu din Vale Str., 110040 Pitesti, RomaniaUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru-Rareș Street No. 2, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25240 Erzurum, TurkeyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru-Rareș Street No. 2, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Petru-Rareș Street No. 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania<b>Introduction:</b> The clinical implementation of noninvasive tests for liver fibrosis assessment has attracted increasing attention, particularly for diagnosing advanced fibrosis (≥F3). This observational study aimed to evaluate the stratification accuracy of nine direct and seven indirect biomarkers across four etiologies: chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC), alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC), and nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis (NALC). <b>Materials and Methods</b>: Our study was conducted on 116 participants, including 96 with chronic liver disease (16 CHB, 15 CHC, 49 ALC, and 16 NALC) and 20 healthy controls. The values of direct (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, serum albumin, platelet count, international normalized ratio, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, CD5 antigen-like, and transforming growth factor-beta 1) and indirect non-serological biomarkers (De Ritis ratio, albumin–bilirubin score, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-to-platelet ratio, aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet-ratio index, fibrosis-4 index, INR-to-platelet ratio, and fibrosis quotient) were analyzed for their discriminative power in fibrosis stratification. <b>Results:</b> Statistical analyses revealed a significant correlation (0.05 level; two-tailed), and AUC 95% CI ranged within 0.50–1.00 between the direct and indirect biomarker values across all etiologies. Among the evaluated biomarkers, the recorded AUC was 0.998 in CHB for APRI, 0.981 in CHC for FIB-4, and 1.000 in ALC and NALC for APRI and AST, respectively, while CD5L consistently achieved an AUC of 1.000 across all etiologies. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that applying a multifactorial approach in liver pathology may improve diagnosis accuracy compared to the use of individual biomarkers and can provide data that may inform the development of clinically applicable mathematical models.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/13/1575chronic hepatitis Bchronic hepatitis Calcoholic cirrhosisnonalcoholic cirrhosisdirect biomarkersindirect biomarkers
spellingShingle Alina Dumitrache (Păunescu)
Nicoleta Anca Ionescu (Șuțan)
Monica Marilena Țânțu
Maria Cristina Ponepal
Liliana Cristina Soare
Ana Cătălina Țânțu
Muhammed Atamanalp
Ileana Monica Baniță
Cătălina Gabriela Pisoschi
Evaluating the Discriminative Performance of Noninvasive Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis B/C, Alcoholic Cirrhosis, and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis: A Comparative Analysis
Diagnostics
chronic hepatitis B
chronic hepatitis C
alcoholic cirrhosis
nonalcoholic cirrhosis
direct biomarkers
indirect biomarkers
title Evaluating the Discriminative Performance of Noninvasive Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis B/C, Alcoholic Cirrhosis, and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis: A Comparative Analysis
title_full Evaluating the Discriminative Performance of Noninvasive Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis B/C, Alcoholic Cirrhosis, and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis: A Comparative Analysis
title_fullStr Evaluating the Discriminative Performance of Noninvasive Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis B/C, Alcoholic Cirrhosis, and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis: A Comparative Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the Discriminative Performance of Noninvasive Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis B/C, Alcoholic Cirrhosis, and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis: A Comparative Analysis
title_short Evaluating the Discriminative Performance of Noninvasive Biomarkers in Chronic Hepatitis B/C, Alcoholic Cirrhosis, and Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis: A Comparative Analysis
title_sort evaluating the discriminative performance of noninvasive biomarkers in chronic hepatitis b c alcoholic cirrhosis and nonalcoholic cirrhosis a comparative analysis
topic chronic hepatitis B
chronic hepatitis C
alcoholic cirrhosis
nonalcoholic cirrhosis
direct biomarkers
indirect biomarkers
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/13/1575
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