A study on the risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in orthopedic inpatients based on machine learning

ObjectiveTo construct a venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk prediction model for orthopedic inpatients using machine learning modeling techniques, identify high-risk patients, and optimize clinical interventions.MethodsThis study involved a retrospective analysis of 286 orthopedic inpatients from Nanx...

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Main Authors: Bo Zhang, Yumei Qin, Liandi Jiu, Chunming Qin, Jiangbo Wang, Haiqing Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1574546/full
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author Bo Zhang
Yumei Qin
Liandi Jiu
Chunming Qin
Jiangbo Wang
Haiqing Zhao
author_facet Bo Zhang
Yumei Qin
Liandi Jiu
Chunming Qin
Jiangbo Wang
Haiqing Zhao
author_sort Bo Zhang
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveTo construct a venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk prediction model for orthopedic inpatients using machine learning modeling techniques, identify high-risk patients, and optimize clinical interventions.MethodsThis study involved a retrospective analysis of 286 orthopedic inpatients from Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (The Second People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. To ensure patient information security, all data were fully anonymized before access. The collected data included basic information such as gender, age, ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors and medical history (including smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, and personal and family history of VTE), clinical test results (such as thrombin time, plasma D-dimer, total bilirubin, and urinary protein via dry chemistry), as well as genetic test results related to VTE risk. Feature analysis and data mining were conducted, and eight different machine learning algorithms were used to build the prediction model. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method was used to rank the feature importance and explain the final model.ResultsThrough a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of eight different machine learning models, the results clearly indicate that the XGBoost model outperforms the others across all performance metrics, achieving the highest accuracy of 0.828 and AUROC of 0.931, significantly surpassing the other models, particularly in prediction accuracy and discriminative ability. Compared to the traditional Caprini scoring model, XGBoost not only shows improvements in accuracy and specificity but also demonstrates a significant increase in Area Under the Curve (AUC), further validating its superior performance in VTE risk prediction.ConclusionThis model can be effectively used for early risk prediction of VTE, helping to reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism in orthopedic patients. Given its promising results, further validation and wider application of the model in clinical settings are warranted to enhance patient outcomes and improve preventive strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-3e4215f5d0e44b5bb716b50432aa82562025-08-20T03:27:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-06-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15745461574546A study on the risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in orthopedic inpatients based on machine learningBo Zhang0Yumei Qin1Liandi Jiu2Chunming Qin3Jiangbo Wang4Haiqing Zhao5Digital Health China Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaNanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, The Second People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, ChinaDigital Health China Technologies Co., Ltd., Beijing, ChinaNanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, The Second People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, ChinaNanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, The Second People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, ChinaNanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, The Second People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin, ChinaObjectiveTo construct a venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk prediction model for orthopedic inpatients using machine learning modeling techniques, identify high-risk patients, and optimize clinical interventions.MethodsThis study involved a retrospective analysis of 286 orthopedic inpatients from Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (The Second People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022. To ensure patient information security, all data were fully anonymized before access. The collected data included basic information such as gender, age, ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors and medical history (including smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, and personal and family history of VTE), clinical test results (such as thrombin time, plasma D-dimer, total bilirubin, and urinary protein via dry chemistry), as well as genetic test results related to VTE risk. Feature analysis and data mining were conducted, and eight different machine learning algorithms were used to build the prediction model. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method was used to rank the feature importance and explain the final model.ResultsThrough a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of eight different machine learning models, the results clearly indicate that the XGBoost model outperforms the others across all performance metrics, achieving the highest accuracy of 0.828 and AUROC of 0.931, significantly surpassing the other models, particularly in prediction accuracy and discriminative ability. Compared to the traditional Caprini scoring model, XGBoost not only shows improvements in accuracy and specificity but also demonstrates a significant increase in Area Under the Curve (AUC), further validating its superior performance in VTE risk prediction.ConclusionThis model can be effectively used for early risk prediction of VTE, helping to reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism in orthopedic patients. Given its promising results, further validation and wider application of the model in clinical settings are warranted to enhance patient outcomes and improve preventive strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1574546/fullvenous thromboembolismmachine learningrisk assessmentorthopedic inpatientsclinical decision support
spellingShingle Bo Zhang
Yumei Qin
Liandi Jiu
Chunming Qin
Jiangbo Wang
Haiqing Zhao
A study on the risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in orthopedic inpatients based on machine learning
Frontiers in Medicine
venous thromboembolism
machine learning
risk assessment
orthopedic inpatients
clinical decision support
title A study on the risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in orthopedic inpatients based on machine learning
title_full A study on the risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in orthopedic inpatients based on machine learning
title_fullStr A study on the risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in orthopedic inpatients based on machine learning
title_full_unstemmed A study on the risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in orthopedic inpatients based on machine learning
title_short A study on the risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in orthopedic inpatients based on machine learning
title_sort study on the risk prediction model for venous thromboembolism in orthopedic inpatients based on machine learning
topic venous thromboembolism
machine learning
risk assessment
orthopedic inpatients
clinical decision support
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1574546/full
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