An Updated Framework for Modeling White‐Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat Quality in Illinois, USA

ABSTRACT White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a cervid species found mostly in the Americas. Managing white‐tailed deer requires understanding their relationship with the environment, which was characterized by Roseberry and Woolf (Wildlife Society Bulletin 1, 1998, 252) for all counties i...

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Main Authors: Jameson Mori, William Brown, Daniel Skinner, Peter Schlichting, Jan Novakofski, Nohra Mateus‐Pinilla
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-11-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70487
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author Jameson Mori
William Brown
Daniel Skinner
Peter Schlichting
Jan Novakofski
Nohra Mateus‐Pinilla
author_facet Jameson Mori
William Brown
Daniel Skinner
Peter Schlichting
Jan Novakofski
Nohra Mateus‐Pinilla
author_sort Jameson Mori
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a cervid species found mostly in the Americas. Managing white‐tailed deer requires understanding their relationship with the environment, which was characterized by Roseberry and Woolf (Wildlife Society Bulletin 1, 1998, 252) for all counties in Illinois, USA, who incorporated habitat quantity and quality in a deer habitat suitability index. However, this index was based on satellite imagery from 1996 and did not explore the smaller spatial scales used by deer. Our study addressed these gaps by developing a deer land cover utility (LCU) score for each TRS (township, range, and section), township, and county in Illinois based on the methodology outlined in Roseberry and Woolf (Wildlife Society Bulletin 1, 1998, 252) but using data from the National Land Cover Database (2001–2021). These deer LCU scores were validated against minimum deer population data using Bayesian regression with additional covariates relevant to hunting and deer density. These models performed well with Bayesian R2 values of 0.501 (TRS), 0.5 (township), and 0.969 (county). The regression coefficients for the deer LCU scores were statistically significant (95% credibility interval not containing 0) and positive at the TRS, township, and county levels, reflecting the expected relationship between minimum deer density and deer LCU. Predictions made by these regression models on new data were accurate, with the median absolute difference between the true and predicted values being 0.398 deer/km2 for TRS', 0.085 deer/km2 for townships, and 0.066 deer/km2 for counties. This deer LCU could be used in other studies about deer in Illinois or studies in which deer are a relevant factor such as investigations about deer disease or tick distribution. This modeling approach could also be adapted to different wild species, locations, and/or time periods for which land cover data is available.
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spelling doaj-art-3e37bfc2da33414796aa5e498858ad8a2025-08-20T02:52:38ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582024-11-011411n/an/a10.1002/ece3.70487An Updated Framework for Modeling White‐Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat Quality in Illinois, USAJameson Mori0William Brown1Daniel Skinner2Peter Schlichting3Jan Novakofski4Nohra Mateus‐Pinilla5Illinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois USAIllinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois USADivision of Wildlife Resources Illinois Department of Natural Resources Springfield Illinois USADivision of Wildlife Resources Illinois Department of Natural Resources Springfield Illinois USAIllinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois USAIllinois Natural History Survey University of Illinois Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois USAABSTRACT White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a cervid species found mostly in the Americas. Managing white‐tailed deer requires understanding their relationship with the environment, which was characterized by Roseberry and Woolf (Wildlife Society Bulletin 1, 1998, 252) for all counties in Illinois, USA, who incorporated habitat quantity and quality in a deer habitat suitability index. However, this index was based on satellite imagery from 1996 and did not explore the smaller spatial scales used by deer. Our study addressed these gaps by developing a deer land cover utility (LCU) score for each TRS (township, range, and section), township, and county in Illinois based on the methodology outlined in Roseberry and Woolf (Wildlife Society Bulletin 1, 1998, 252) but using data from the National Land Cover Database (2001–2021). These deer LCU scores were validated against minimum deer population data using Bayesian regression with additional covariates relevant to hunting and deer density. These models performed well with Bayesian R2 values of 0.501 (TRS), 0.5 (township), and 0.969 (county). The regression coefficients for the deer LCU scores were statistically significant (95% credibility interval not containing 0) and positive at the TRS, township, and county levels, reflecting the expected relationship between minimum deer density and deer LCU. Predictions made by these regression models on new data were accurate, with the median absolute difference between the true and predicted values being 0.398 deer/km2 for TRS', 0.085 deer/km2 for townships, and 0.066 deer/km2 for counties. This deer LCU could be used in other studies about deer in Illinois or studies in which deer are a relevant factor such as investigations about deer disease or tick distribution. This modeling approach could also be adapted to different wild species, locations, and/or time periods for which land cover data is available.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70487habitat modelingland coverOdocoileus virginianuswhite‐tailed deer
spellingShingle Jameson Mori
William Brown
Daniel Skinner
Peter Schlichting
Jan Novakofski
Nohra Mateus‐Pinilla
An Updated Framework for Modeling White‐Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat Quality in Illinois, USA
Ecology and Evolution
habitat modeling
land cover
Odocoileus virginianus
white‐tailed deer
title An Updated Framework for Modeling White‐Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat Quality in Illinois, USA
title_full An Updated Framework for Modeling White‐Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat Quality in Illinois, USA
title_fullStr An Updated Framework for Modeling White‐Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat Quality in Illinois, USA
title_full_unstemmed An Updated Framework for Modeling White‐Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat Quality in Illinois, USA
title_short An Updated Framework for Modeling White‐Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat Quality in Illinois, USA
title_sort updated framework for modeling white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus habitat quality in illinois usa
topic habitat modeling
land cover
Odocoileus virginianus
white‐tailed deer
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70487
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