Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index During the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Insulin resistance during pregnancy is a key factor underlying gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs). While traditional markers, such as HOMA-IR, are used to evaluate insulin resistance, they may be inaccessible in r...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Guillermo Gurza Nayeli Martínez-Cruz Ileana Lizano-Jubert Lidia Arce-Sánchez Blanca Vianey Suárez-Rico Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez Araceli Montoya-Estrada José Romo-Yañez Juan Mario Solis-Paredes Johnatan Torres-Torres Isabel González-Ludlow Ameyalli Mariana Rodríguez-Cano Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores Otilia Perichart-Perera Enrique Reyes-Muñoz |
| author_facet | Guillermo Gurza Nayeli Martínez-Cruz Ileana Lizano-Jubert Lidia Arce-Sánchez Blanca Vianey Suárez-Rico Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez Araceli Montoya-Estrada José Romo-Yañez Juan Mario Solis-Paredes Johnatan Torres-Torres Isabel González-Ludlow Ameyalli Mariana Rodríguez-Cano Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores Otilia Perichart-Perera Enrique Reyes-Muñoz |
| author_sort | Guillermo Gurza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Insulin resistance during pregnancy is a key factor underlying gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs). While traditional markers, such as HOMA-IR, are used to evaluate insulin resistance, they may be inaccessible in resource-limited settings. The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a practical alternative. This study aimed to assess whether or not a TyG index > 8.6 during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of APOs, including GDM, preeclampsia, and other maternal and neonatal complications. <b>Methods</b>: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 333 pregnant women in Mexico City, divided into two groups: Group 1 (TyG index > 8.6, <i>n</i> = 153) and Group 2 (TyG index ≤ 8.6, <i>n</i> = 180). Primary outcomes included gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for maternal age, pregestational weight, and body mass index (BMI). <b>Results</b>: Women with a TyG index > 8.6 had a significantly higher pregestational weight and BMI than those with a TyG index ≤ 8.6. Group 1 demonstrated a higher risk of GDM (RR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.23–3.41) and preeclampsia (RR 2.15; 95% CI: 1.10–4.21). After adjusting for maternal age, pregestational weight, and BMI, these associations remained significant: GDM (aRR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.0–2.5) and preeclampsia (aRR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.1–5.0). No significant associations were found between an elevated TyG index and other APOs, including LGA, SGA, preterm birth, or cesarean delivery. <b>Conclusions</b>: A first-trimester TyG index > 8.6 is significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM and preeclampsia, highlighting its potential as a predictive marker for adverse perinatal outcomes. These findings underscore the utility of the TyG index as a practical, cost-effective tool for early risk stratification, particularly in resource-limited settings. Further multi-center research is needed to validate these results and refine population-specific thresholds. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3e3412a569e746fe8ab1a98f9f2f3bf6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-3e3412a569e746fe8ab1a98f9f2f3bf62025-08-20T01:49:20ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-04-01159112910.3390/diagnostics15091129Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index During the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal OutcomesGuillermo Gurza0Nayeli Martínez-Cruz1Ileana Lizano-Jubert2Lidia Arce-Sánchez3Blanca Vianey Suárez-Rico4Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez5Araceli Montoya-Estrada6José Romo-Yañez7Juan Mario Solis-Paredes8Johnatan Torres-Torres9Isabel González-Ludlow10Ameyalli Mariana Rodríguez-Cano11Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores12Otilia Perichart-Perera13Enrique Reyes-Muñoz14Coordination of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoCoordination of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoCoordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoCoordination of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoCoordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoDepartment of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoCoordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoCoordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoClinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoClinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoDepartment of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoDepartment of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoDepartment of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoDepartment of Nutrition and Bioprogramming, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, MexicoCoordination of Gynecological and Perinatal Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Insulin resistance during pregnancy is a key factor underlying gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other adverse perinatal outcomes (APOs). While traditional markers, such as HOMA-IR, are used to evaluate insulin resistance, they may be inaccessible in resource-limited settings. The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a practical alternative. This study aimed to assess whether or not a TyG index > 8.6 during the first trimester of pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of APOs, including GDM, preeclampsia, and other maternal and neonatal complications. <b>Methods</b>: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 333 pregnant women in Mexico City, divided into two groups: Group 1 (TyG index > 8.6, <i>n</i> = 153) and Group 2 (TyG index ≤ 8.6, <i>n</i> = 180). Primary outcomes included gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia, preterm birth, cesarean section, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for maternal age, pregestational weight, and body mass index (BMI). <b>Results</b>: Women with a TyG index > 8.6 had a significantly higher pregestational weight and BMI than those with a TyG index ≤ 8.6. Group 1 demonstrated a higher risk of GDM (RR 2.05; 95% CI: 1.23–3.41) and preeclampsia (RR 2.15; 95% CI: 1.10–4.21). After adjusting for maternal age, pregestational weight, and BMI, these associations remained significant: GDM (aRR 1.87; 95% CI: 1.0–2.5) and preeclampsia (aRR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.1–5.0). No significant associations were found between an elevated TyG index and other APOs, including LGA, SGA, preterm birth, or cesarean delivery. <b>Conclusions</b>: A first-trimester TyG index > 8.6 is significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM and preeclampsia, highlighting its potential as a predictive marker for adverse perinatal outcomes. These findings underscore the utility of the TyG index as a practical, cost-effective tool for early risk stratification, particularly in resource-limited settings. Further multi-center research is needed to validate these results and refine population-specific thresholds.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/9/1129triglyceride–glucose indexperinatal outcomesgestational diabetespreeclampsiapregnancy |
| spellingShingle | Guillermo Gurza Nayeli Martínez-Cruz Ileana Lizano-Jubert Lidia Arce-Sánchez Blanca Vianey Suárez-Rico Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez Araceli Montoya-Estrada José Romo-Yañez Juan Mario Solis-Paredes Johnatan Torres-Torres Isabel González-Ludlow Ameyalli Mariana Rodríguez-Cano Maricruz Tolentino-Dolores Otilia Perichart-Perera Enrique Reyes-Muñoz Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index During the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Diagnostics triglyceride–glucose index perinatal outcomes gestational diabetes preeclampsia pregnancy |
| title | Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index During the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes |
| title_full | Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index During the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes |
| title_fullStr | Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index During the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index During the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes |
| title_short | Association of the Triglyceride–Glucose Index During the First Trimester of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes |
| title_sort | association of the triglyceride glucose index during the first trimester of pregnancy with adverse perinatal outcomes |
| topic | triglyceride–glucose index perinatal outcomes gestational diabetes preeclampsia pregnancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/9/1129 |
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