A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas at a federally qualified health center

Abstract Background Laws mandating that women be informed of mammographic breast density (MBD) with their mammogram results may increase anxiety. We report on changes in self-reported levels of anxiety, worry about developing breast cancer (BC), as well as perceived risk of BC resulting from three M...

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Main Authors: Karthik Ghosh, Sarah M. Jenkins, Jennifer L. Ridgeway, Jessica D. Austin, Bijan J. Borah, Bhavika Patel, Deborah J. Rhodes, Aaron D. Norman, Edna P. Ramos, Matt Jewett, Crystal R. Gonzalez, Valentina Hernandez, Davinder Singh, Celine M. Vachon, Vera J. Suman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Women's Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03818-9
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author Karthik Ghosh
Sarah M. Jenkins
Jennifer L. Ridgeway
Jessica D. Austin
Bijan J. Borah
Bhavika Patel
Deborah J. Rhodes
Aaron D. Norman
Edna P. Ramos
Matt Jewett
Crystal R. Gonzalez
Valentina Hernandez
Davinder Singh
Celine M. Vachon
Vera J. Suman
author_facet Karthik Ghosh
Sarah M. Jenkins
Jennifer L. Ridgeway
Jessica D. Austin
Bijan J. Borah
Bhavika Patel
Deborah J. Rhodes
Aaron D. Norman
Edna P. Ramos
Matt Jewett
Crystal R. Gonzalez
Valentina Hernandez
Davinder Singh
Celine M. Vachon
Vera J. Suman
author_sort Karthik Ghosh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Laws mandating that women be informed of mammographic breast density (MBD) with their mammogram results may increase anxiety. We report on changes in self-reported levels of anxiety, worry about developing breast cancer (BC), as well as perceived risk of BC resulting from three MBD notification methods: usual care (mailed notification letter), enhanced care (usual care with MBD educational brochure), or interpersonal care (enhanced care with promotora education), among a Latina population. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial of three MBD notifications was performed among Latina women aged 40 to 74 years receiving screening mammography at a federally qualified health center (FQHC). Measures of anxiety, BC worry and perceived lifetime BC risk were assessed using a questionnaire. Anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale (STAI-S). The question: “How frequently do you worry about getting breast cancer someday” assessed BC worry. perceived lifetime risk of BC was rated between 0% (no chance) to 100% (definitely will get). Additional surveys were completed at two weeks to six months (T1) and one year (T2) after the intervention. Results 1332 Latina women were randomized between October 2016 and October 2019. At T0, 51.8% had moderate or severe anxiety. BC worry was reported to be sometimes/ often/ almost all the time among 41.3% of participants. 25.4% reported a perceived lifetime risk of developing BC of > 10%, compared with 6.6% with Gail model estimated lifetime risk score of > 10%. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who maintained low or had decrease in their levels of anxiety, BC worry or perceived risk from T0 to either T1 or T2 surveys between intervention groups. Conclusion This Latina cohort had high levels of anxiety and BC worry which persisted regardless of intervention received. Future work is needed to improve our understanding of factors that could lower anxiety and BC worry and improve BC risk perception in this population. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02910986. Registered on 22/09/2016.
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spelling doaj-art-3e2f1079ef224509a6be17a5d57c06e62025-08-20T03:26:43ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742025-06-0125111110.1186/s12905-025-03818-9A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas at a federally qualified health centerKarthik Ghosh0Sarah M. Jenkins1Jennifer L. Ridgeway2Jessica D. Austin3Bijan J. Borah4Bhavika Patel5Deborah J. Rhodes6Aaron D. Norman7Edna P. Ramos8Matt Jewett9Crystal R. Gonzalez10Valentina Hernandez11Davinder Singh12Celine M. Vachon13Vera J. Suman14General Internal Medicine, Mayo ClinicDivision of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo ClinicRobert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo ClinicQuantitative Health Sciences, Mayo ClinicRobert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Radiology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yale UniversityDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Surgery, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Administration Mountain Park Health CenterDepartment of Integrated Nutrition Services and Collaborative Research, Mountain Park Health CenterDepartment of Integrated Nutrition Services and Collaborative Research, Mountain Park Health CenterDepartment of Administration Mountain Park Health CenterDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo ClinicDivision of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo ClinicAbstract Background Laws mandating that women be informed of mammographic breast density (MBD) with their mammogram results may increase anxiety. We report on changes in self-reported levels of anxiety, worry about developing breast cancer (BC), as well as perceived risk of BC resulting from three MBD notification methods: usual care (mailed notification letter), enhanced care (usual care with MBD educational brochure), or interpersonal care (enhanced care with promotora education), among a Latina population. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial of three MBD notifications was performed among Latina women aged 40 to 74 years receiving screening mammography at a federally qualified health center (FQHC). Measures of anxiety, BC worry and perceived lifetime BC risk were assessed using a questionnaire. Anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale (STAI-S). The question: “How frequently do you worry about getting breast cancer someday” assessed BC worry. perceived lifetime risk of BC was rated between 0% (no chance) to 100% (definitely will get). Additional surveys were completed at two weeks to six months (T1) and one year (T2) after the intervention. Results 1332 Latina women were randomized between October 2016 and October 2019. At T0, 51.8% had moderate or severe anxiety. BC worry was reported to be sometimes/ often/ almost all the time among 41.3% of participants. 25.4% reported a perceived lifetime risk of developing BC of > 10%, compared with 6.6% with Gail model estimated lifetime risk score of > 10%. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who maintained low or had decrease in their levels of anxiety, BC worry or perceived risk from T0 to either T1 or T2 surveys between intervention groups. Conclusion This Latina cohort had high levels of anxiety and BC worry which persisted regardless of intervention received. Future work is needed to improve our understanding of factors that could lower anxiety and BC worry and improve BC risk perception in this population. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02910986. Registered on 22/09/2016.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03818-9Breast density notificationAnxietyBreast cancer worryPerceived riskLatinas
spellingShingle Karthik Ghosh
Sarah M. Jenkins
Jennifer L. Ridgeway
Jessica D. Austin
Bijan J. Borah
Bhavika Patel
Deborah J. Rhodes
Aaron D. Norman
Edna P. Ramos
Matt Jewett
Crystal R. Gonzalez
Valentina Hernandez
Davinder Singh
Celine M. Vachon
Vera J. Suman
A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas at a federally qualified health center
BMC Women's Health
Breast density notification
Anxiety
Breast cancer worry
Perceived risk
Latinas
title A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas at a federally qualified health center
title_full A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas at a federally qualified health center
title_fullStr A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas at a federally qualified health center
title_full_unstemmed A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas at a federally qualified health center
title_short A randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety, breast cancer worry, and perceived risk among Latinas at a federally qualified health center
title_sort randomized trial to evaluate the impact of breast density notification on anxiety breast cancer worry and perceived risk among latinas at a federally qualified health center
topic Breast density notification
Anxiety
Breast cancer worry
Perceived risk
Latinas
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-025-03818-9
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