[Comment] Brazil-TNT : a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by FOLFIRINOX versus chemoradiation for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ rectal cancer

[Background] Neoadjuvant radiation and oxaliplatin-based systemic therapy (total neoadjuvant therapy, TNT) have been shown to increase response and organ-preservation rates in localized rectal cancer. However, trials have been heterogeneous regarding treatment protocols and few have used a watch-and...

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Main Authors: Li Laiyuan, Yang Xiongfei
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: Editorial Office of Journal of Colorectal & Anal Surgery 2024-08-01
Series:结直肠肛门外科
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Online Access:https://jcas.gxmuyfy.cn/cn/wqll/paper.html?id=307&cateName=2024%E5%B9%B4%20%E7%AC%AC30%E5%8D%B7%20%E7%AC%AC4%E6%9C%9F
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author Li Laiyuan
Yang Xiongfei
author_facet Li Laiyuan
Yang Xiongfei
author_sort Li Laiyuan
collection DOAJ
description [Background] Neoadjuvant radiation and oxaliplatin-based systemic therapy (total neoadjuvant therapy, TNT) have been shown to increase response and organ-preservation rates in localized rectal cancer. However, trials have been heterogeneous regarding treatment protocols and few have used a watch-and-wait (W&W) approach for complete responders. This trial evaluates if conventional long-term chemoradiation followed by consolidation of FOLFIRINOX increases complete response rates and the number of patients managed by W&W. [Methods] This was a pragmatic randomized phaseⅡ trial conducted in 2 Cancer Centers in Brazil that included patients with T3 or N+ rectal adenocarcinoma. After completing a long-course 54 Gy chemoradiation with capecitabine patients were randomized 1∶1 to 4 cycles of mFOLFIRINOX (Oxaliplatin 85, irinotecan 150, 5-FU 2400)-TNT-arm-or to the control arm, that did not include further neoadjuvant treatment. All patients were re-staged with dedicated pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and sigmoidoscopy 12 weeks after the end of radiation. Patients with a clinical complete response were followed using a W&W protocol. The primary endpoint was complete response: clinical complete response (cCR) or pathological response (pCR). [Results] Between April 2021 and June 2023, 55 patients were randomized to TNT and 53 to the control arm. Tumors were 74% stage 3, median distance from the anal verge was 6 cm, 63% had an at-risk circumferential margin, and 33% an involved sphincter. The rates of cCR + pCR were (31%) for TNT versus (17%) for controls [odds ratio (OR) 2.19, 95% CI 0.8-6.22, P=0.091) and rates of W&W were 16% and 9% (P>0.05). Median follow-up was 8.1 months and recurrence rates were 16% versus 21% for TNT and controls (P>0.05). [Conclusions] TNT with consolidation FOLFIRINOX is feasible and has high response rates, consistent with the current literature for TNT.
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institution Kabale University
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publisher Editorial Office of Journal of Colorectal & Anal Surgery
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series 结直肠肛门外科
spelling doaj-art-3e2b8097d8514a0188f60b8fe0944cff2025-08-20T03:49:17ZzhoEditorial Office of Journal of Colorectal & Anal Surgery结直肠肛门外科1674-04912024-08-0130447747810.19668/j.cnki.issn1674-0491.2024.04.013[Comment] Brazil-TNT : a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by FOLFIRINOX versus chemoradiation for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ rectal cancerLi LaiyuanYang Xiongfei[Background] Neoadjuvant radiation and oxaliplatin-based systemic therapy (total neoadjuvant therapy, TNT) have been shown to increase response and organ-preservation rates in localized rectal cancer. However, trials have been heterogeneous regarding treatment protocols and few have used a watch-and-wait (W&W) approach for complete responders. This trial evaluates if conventional long-term chemoradiation followed by consolidation of FOLFIRINOX increases complete response rates and the number of patients managed by W&W. [Methods] This was a pragmatic randomized phaseⅡ trial conducted in 2 Cancer Centers in Brazil that included patients with T3 or N+ rectal adenocarcinoma. After completing a long-course 54 Gy chemoradiation with capecitabine patients were randomized 1∶1 to 4 cycles of mFOLFIRINOX (Oxaliplatin 85, irinotecan 150, 5-FU 2400)-TNT-arm-or to the control arm, that did not include further neoadjuvant treatment. All patients were re-staged with dedicated pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and sigmoidoscopy 12 weeks after the end of radiation. Patients with a clinical complete response were followed using a W&W protocol. The primary endpoint was complete response: clinical complete response (cCR) or pathological response (pCR). [Results] Between April 2021 and June 2023, 55 patients were randomized to TNT and 53 to the control arm. Tumors were 74% stage 3, median distance from the anal verge was 6 cm, 63% had an at-risk circumferential margin, and 33% an involved sphincter. The rates of cCR + pCR were (31%) for TNT versus (17%) for controls [odds ratio (OR) 2.19, 95% CI 0.8-6.22, P=0.091) and rates of W&W were 16% and 9% (P>0.05). Median follow-up was 8.1 months and recurrence rates were 16% versus 21% for TNT and controls (P>0.05). [Conclusions] TNT with consolidation FOLFIRINOX is feasible and has high response rates, consistent with the current literature for TNT.https://jcas.gxmuyfy.cn/cn/wqll/paper.html?id=307&cateName=2024%E5%B9%B4%20%E7%AC%AC30%E5%8D%B7%20%E7%AC%AC4%E6%9C%9Fchemoradiotherapycolorectal surgeryfolfirinoxneoadjuvant therapyrectal neoplasms
spellingShingle Li Laiyuan
Yang Xiongfei
[Comment] Brazil-TNT : a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by FOLFIRINOX versus chemoradiation for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ rectal cancer
结直肠肛门外科
chemoradiotherapy
colorectal surgery
folfirinox
neoadjuvant therapy
rectal neoplasms
title [Comment] Brazil-TNT : a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by FOLFIRINOX versus chemoradiation for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ rectal cancer
title_full [Comment] Brazil-TNT : a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by FOLFIRINOX versus chemoradiation for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ rectal cancer
title_fullStr [Comment] Brazil-TNT : a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by FOLFIRINOX versus chemoradiation for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ rectal cancer
title_full_unstemmed [Comment] Brazil-TNT : a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by FOLFIRINOX versus chemoradiation for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ rectal cancer
title_short [Comment] Brazil-TNT : a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by FOLFIRINOX versus chemoradiation for stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ rectal cancer
title_sort comment brazil tnt a randomized phase 2 trial of neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by folfirinox versus chemoradiation for stage ii iii rectal cancer
topic chemoradiotherapy
colorectal surgery
folfirinox
neoadjuvant therapy
rectal neoplasms
url https://jcas.gxmuyfy.cn/cn/wqll/paper.html?id=307&cateName=2024%E5%B9%B4%20%E7%AC%AC30%E5%8D%B7%20%E7%AC%AC4%E6%9C%9F
work_keys_str_mv AT lilaiyuan commentbraziltntarandomizedphase2trialofneoadjuvantchemoradiationfollowedbyfolfirinoxversuschemoradiationforstageiiiiirectalcancer
AT yangxiongfei commentbraziltntarandomizedphase2trialofneoadjuvantchemoradiationfollowedbyfolfirinoxversuschemoradiationforstageiiiiirectalcancer