Development of graphite-epoxy screen-printed electrodes selective to nitrate ions
High concentrations of nitrate ions in water can cause eutrophication, while ingestion of these ions can cause methemoglobin and various cancers. Therefore, there is a need for sensitive, selective and inexpensive analytical tools, as an alternative to expensive conventional techniques, to monitor a...
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| Format: | Article |
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International Association of Physical Chemists (IAPC)
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://pub.iapchem.org/ojs/index.php/JESE/article/view/2751 |
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| author | Leodanis Correa Fajardo Abel Ibrahim Balbín Tamayo Yusleydi Enamorado Horrutiner Ana Rosa Lazo Fraga Ana Margarita Estevas Guas |
| author_facet | Leodanis Correa Fajardo Abel Ibrahim Balbín Tamayo Yusleydi Enamorado Horrutiner Ana Rosa Lazo Fraga Ana Margarita Estevas Guas |
| author_sort | Leodanis Correa Fajardo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High concentrations of nitrate ions in water can cause eutrophication, while ingestion of these ions can cause methemoglobin and various cancers. Therefore, there is a need for sensitive, selective and inexpensive analytical tools, as an alternative to expensive conventional techniques, to monitor and evaluate the concentration of these ions. The aim of the present investigation is to develop printed graphite-epoxy electrodes modified with PVC membranes for the potentiometric determination of nitrate ions. The electrodes were manually printed in the laboratory with inks prepared from epoxy resin and graphite at different percentages and particle sizes. The printed electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, prior to their modification with PVC membrane. The chrono-potentiometric response of the electrodes was evaluated with NO3- ion solutions. The best printing and electrochemical behavior of electrodes was obtained with inks containing 76 % of modified conductive phase-modified graphite nanoparticles. The developed ion-selective electrodes showed response to nitrate ions with a super-Nernstian slope, detection limits in the order of 10 mmol L-1, response times of 10 to 12 seconds and selectivity in the presence of NO2-, SO42-, Cl-, Br-, I- and CrO42- ions. The developed electrodes were used for the indirect determination of chloride ions in water samples by potentiometric titration.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3e1cd70f6048469dab8fe828c4f819d6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1847-9286 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | International Association of Physical Chemists (IAPC) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-3e1cd70f6048469dab8fe828c4f819d62025-08-20T03:16:18ZengInternational Association of Physical Chemists (IAPC)Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering1847-92862025-06-0110.5599/jese.2751Development of graphite-epoxy screen-printed electrodes selective to nitrate ionsLeodanis Correa Fajardo0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-8193Abel Ibrahim Balbín Tamayo1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-004XYusleydi Enamorado Horrutiner2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9146-4916Ana Rosa Lazo Fraga3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-8207Ana Margarita Estevas Guas4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-8705Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, CubaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, CubaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, CubaInstitute of Materials Science and Technology, University of Havana, CubaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Havana, CubaHigh concentrations of nitrate ions in water can cause eutrophication, while ingestion of these ions can cause methemoglobin and various cancers. Therefore, there is a need for sensitive, selective and inexpensive analytical tools, as an alternative to expensive conventional techniques, to monitor and evaluate the concentration of these ions. The aim of the present investigation is to develop printed graphite-epoxy electrodes modified with PVC membranes for the potentiometric determination of nitrate ions. The electrodes were manually printed in the laboratory with inks prepared from epoxy resin and graphite at different percentages and particle sizes. The printed electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, prior to their modification with PVC membrane. The chrono-potentiometric response of the electrodes was evaluated with NO3- ion solutions. The best printing and electrochemical behavior of electrodes was obtained with inks containing 76 % of modified conductive phase-modified graphite nanoparticles. The developed ion-selective electrodes showed response to nitrate ions with a super-Nernstian slope, detection limits in the order of 10 mmol L-1, response times of 10 to 12 seconds and selectivity in the presence of NO2-, SO42-, Cl-, Br-, I- and CrO42- ions. The developed electrodes were used for the indirect determination of chloride ions in water samples by potentiometric titration. https://pub.iapchem.org/ojs/index.php/JESE/article/view/2751Electrochemical nitrate sensorion-selective electrodeselective membranecyclic voltammetrypotentiometry |
| spellingShingle | Leodanis Correa Fajardo Abel Ibrahim Balbín Tamayo Yusleydi Enamorado Horrutiner Ana Rosa Lazo Fraga Ana Margarita Estevas Guas Development of graphite-epoxy screen-printed electrodes selective to nitrate ions Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering Electrochemical nitrate sensor ion-selective electrode selective membrane cyclic voltammetry potentiometry |
| title | Development of graphite-epoxy screen-printed electrodes selective to nitrate ions |
| title_full | Development of graphite-epoxy screen-printed electrodes selective to nitrate ions |
| title_fullStr | Development of graphite-epoxy screen-printed electrodes selective to nitrate ions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of graphite-epoxy screen-printed electrodes selective to nitrate ions |
| title_short | Development of graphite-epoxy screen-printed electrodes selective to nitrate ions |
| title_sort | development of graphite epoxy screen printed electrodes selective to nitrate ions |
| topic | Electrochemical nitrate sensor ion-selective electrode selective membrane cyclic voltammetry potentiometry |
| url | https://pub.iapchem.org/ojs/index.php/JESE/article/view/2751 |
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