Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved properties

Curing behaviors and copolymerization mechanisms between phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine (A-ph) and cyanate ester (CE) were characterized and discussed. Results indicated that copolymerization between A-ph and CE were comprised of ring-opening polymerization of oxazine rings and ri...

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Main Authors: L. Chen, D. X. Ren, S. J. Chen, H. Pan, M. Z. Xu, X. B. Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Budapest University of Technology and Economics 2019-05-01
Series:eXPRESS Polymer Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0009663&mi=cd
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author L. Chen
D. X. Ren
S. J. Chen
H. Pan
M. Z. Xu
X. B. Liu
author_facet L. Chen
D. X. Ren
S. J. Chen
H. Pan
M. Z. Xu
X. B. Liu
author_sort L. Chen
collection DOAJ
description Curing behaviors and copolymerization mechanisms between phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine (A-ph) and cyanate ester (CE) were characterized and discussed. Results indicated that copolymerization between A-ph and CE were comprised of ring-opening polymerization of oxazine rings and ring-forming polymerization of cyanate and nitrile groups. From them, ring-opening of oxazine occurred preferentially, followed by ring-forming of cyanate and nitrile groups, which were promoted by active hydrogen and amine structures generated from ring-opening of oxazine. Moreover, with increasing the content of CE (≥40 wt%), self-polymerization of cyanate would dominate the components of the resulting composites and reduces the thermal stability of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. Additionally, mechanical properties of composite laminates were also affected by the content of CE. Composite laminates with 10 wt% CE showed the highest flexural strength (622 MPa). The improved mechanical properties were also verified with investigation of dynamic thermomechanical analysis and morphology of fracture surfaces. These findings are helpful to improve the thermosetting resins in terms of their chemical structure, material properties, and processability.
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publisher Budapest University of Technology and Economics
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series eXPRESS Polymer Letters
spelling doaj-art-3e0f39840dbd44688aedf3fb53ac07ee2025-08-20T03:33:15ZengBudapest University of Technology and EconomicseXPRESS Polymer Letters1788-618X2019-05-0113545646810.3144/expresspolymlett.2019.38Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved propertiesL. ChenD. X. RenS. J. ChenH. PanM. Z. XuX. B. LiuCuring behaviors and copolymerization mechanisms between phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine (A-ph) and cyanate ester (CE) were characterized and discussed. Results indicated that copolymerization between A-ph and CE were comprised of ring-opening polymerization of oxazine rings and ring-forming polymerization of cyanate and nitrile groups. From them, ring-opening of oxazine occurred preferentially, followed by ring-forming of cyanate and nitrile groups, which were promoted by active hydrogen and amine structures generated from ring-opening of oxazine. Moreover, with increasing the content of CE (≥40 wt%), self-polymerization of cyanate would dominate the components of the resulting composites and reduces the thermal stability of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. Additionally, mechanical properties of composite laminates were also affected by the content of CE. Composite laminates with 10 wt% CE showed the highest flexural strength (622 MPa). The improved mechanical properties were also verified with investigation of dynamic thermomechanical analysis and morphology of fracture surfaces. These findings are helpful to improve the thermosetting resins in terms of their chemical structure, material properties, and processability.http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0009663&mi=cdPolymer compositesBenzoxazinePhthalonitrileComposite laminatesMechanical properties
spellingShingle L. Chen
D. X. Ren
S. J. Chen
H. Pan
M. Z. Xu
X. B. Liu
Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved properties
eXPRESS Polymer Letters
Polymer composites
Benzoxazine
Phthalonitrile
Composite laminates
Mechanical properties
title Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved properties
title_full Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved properties
title_fullStr Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved properties
title_full_unstemmed Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved properties
title_short Copolymerization of phthalonitrile-based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester: Curing behaviors, fiber-reinforced composite laminates and improved properties
title_sort copolymerization of phthalonitrile based resin containing benzoxazine and cyanate ester curing behaviors fiber reinforced composite laminates and improved properties
topic Polymer composites
Benzoxazine
Phthalonitrile
Composite laminates
Mechanical properties
url http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0009663&mi=cd
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