Trends in prescription opioid use in Europe: A DARWIN EU® multinational cohort study including seven European countries

BackgroundThe opioid crisis has been a serious public health challenge in North America for decades, despite numerous efforts to mitigate its devastating consequences. As concerns grow about a similar situation developing in Europe, we evaluated the trends in opioid use and characterized prescribing...

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Main Authors: Junqing Xie, Mike Du, Yuchen Guo, Cesar Barboza, James T. Brash, Antonella Delmestri, Talita Duarte-Salles, Jasmine Gratton, Romain Griffier, Raivo Kolde, Wai Yi Man, Núria Mercadé-Besora, Marek Oja, Sarah Seager, Katia Verhamme, Dina Vojinovic, Edward Burn, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Martí Català, Annika M. Jödicke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1608051/full
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author Junqing Xie
Mike Du
Yuchen Guo
Cesar Barboza
James T. Brash
Antonella Delmestri
Talita Duarte-Salles
Talita Duarte-Salles
Jasmine Gratton
Romain Griffier
Raivo Kolde
Wai Yi Man
Núria Mercadé-Besora
Marek Oja
Sarah Seager
Katia Verhamme
Dina Vojinovic
Edward Burn
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
Martí Català
Annika M. Jödicke
author_facet Junqing Xie
Mike Du
Yuchen Guo
Cesar Barboza
James T. Brash
Antonella Delmestri
Talita Duarte-Salles
Talita Duarte-Salles
Jasmine Gratton
Romain Griffier
Raivo Kolde
Wai Yi Man
Núria Mercadé-Besora
Marek Oja
Sarah Seager
Katia Verhamme
Dina Vojinovic
Edward Burn
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
Martí Català
Annika M. Jödicke
author_sort Junqing Xie
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe opioid crisis has been a serious public health challenge in North America for decades, despite numerous efforts to mitigate its devastating consequences. As concerns grow about a similar situation developing in Europe, we evaluated the trends in opioid use and characterized prescribing indications across seven European countries.MethodsWe conducted a multinational cohort study using electronic health records from various healthcare settings: primary care [Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD (United Kingdom), Sistema d’Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP, Spain), and Integrated Primary Care Information Project (IPCI, the Netherlands)]; primary and outpatient specialist care [IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) Germany and IQVIA Longitudinal Patient Database (LPD) Belgium]; hospital care [Clinical Data Warehouse of Bordeaux University Hospital (CHUBX, France)]; and the Estonian Biobank (EBB). All data were mapped to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). All people registered in a contributing database for ≥365 days between 2012 and 2022 were included. Annual period prevalence and incidence rates of opioid prescriptions were estimated, and long-term trends were quantified as the percent change from 2012 to 2019. New opioid users were characterized, including potential prescribing indications.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2019, the incidence of opioid prescriptions in primary care decreased by −50·7% (CPRD GOLD) and −2·0% (SIDIAP), while it increased in EBB (+52·8%) and CHUBX (+25·3%) data. The incidence of codeine and tramadol use decreased in most databases. However, the prevalence of oxycodone, morphine, and fentanyl increased. Opioid use was highest among older age groups, and the majority of prescriptions were for oral formulations. Respiratory and pain-related conditions were the most common indications for new opioid users in outpatient settings.ConclusionDespite a decrease in new opioid prescriptions in many European countries, the prevalence of opioid use remained largely stable over the last decade. More data are needed to monitor evolving opioid prescription patterns in Europe, particularly in the post-pandemic era.
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spelling doaj-art-3e078938bb264e64aa72bff46ff7c7f22025-08-20T03:44:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122025-08-011610.3389/fphar.2025.16080511608051Trends in prescription opioid use in Europe: A DARWIN EU® multinational cohort study including seven European countriesJunqing Xie0Mike Du1Yuchen Guo2Cesar Barboza3James T. Brash4Antonella Delmestri5Talita Duarte-Salles6Talita Duarte-Salles7Jasmine Gratton8Romain Griffier9Raivo Kolde10Wai Yi Man11Núria Mercadé-Besora12Marek Oja13Sarah Seager14Katia Verhamme15Dina Vojinovic16Edward Burn17Daniel Prieto-Alhambra18Daniel Prieto-Alhambra19Martí Català20Annika M. Jödicke21Pharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre of Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, England, United KingdomPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre of Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, England, United KingdomPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre of Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, England, United KingdomDepartment of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NetherlandsIQVIA, Real World Solution, Brighton, United KingdomPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre of Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, England, United KingdomDepartment of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NetherlandsFundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, SpainIQVIA, Real World Solution, Brighton, United KingdomPublic Health Department, Medical Information Service, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, FranceInstitute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, EstoniaPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre of Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, England, United KingdomFundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, EstoniaIQVIA, Real World Solution, Brighton, United KingdomDepartment of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NetherlandsIQVIA, Real World Solutions, Amsterdam, NetherlandsPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre of Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, England, United KingdomPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre of Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, England, United KingdomDepartment of Medical Informatics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, NetherlandsPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre of Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, England, United KingdomPharmaco- and Device Epidemiology Group, Centre of Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, England, United KingdomBackgroundThe opioid crisis has been a serious public health challenge in North America for decades, despite numerous efforts to mitigate its devastating consequences. As concerns grow about a similar situation developing in Europe, we evaluated the trends in opioid use and characterized prescribing indications across seven European countries.MethodsWe conducted a multinational cohort study using electronic health records from various healthcare settings: primary care [Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD (United Kingdom), Sistema d’Informació per al Desenvolupament de la Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAP, Spain), and Integrated Primary Care Information Project (IPCI, the Netherlands)]; primary and outpatient specialist care [IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) Germany and IQVIA Longitudinal Patient Database (LPD) Belgium]; hospital care [Clinical Data Warehouse of Bordeaux University Hospital (CHUBX, France)]; and the Estonian Biobank (EBB). All data were mapped to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). All people registered in a contributing database for ≥365 days between 2012 and 2022 were included. Annual period prevalence and incidence rates of opioid prescriptions were estimated, and long-term trends were quantified as the percent change from 2012 to 2019. New opioid users were characterized, including potential prescribing indications.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2019, the incidence of opioid prescriptions in primary care decreased by −50·7% (CPRD GOLD) and −2·0% (SIDIAP), while it increased in EBB (+52·8%) and CHUBX (+25·3%) data. The incidence of codeine and tramadol use decreased in most databases. However, the prevalence of oxycodone, morphine, and fentanyl increased. Opioid use was highest among older age groups, and the majority of prescriptions were for oral formulations. Respiratory and pain-related conditions were the most common indications for new opioid users in outpatient settings.ConclusionDespite a decrease in new opioid prescriptions in many European countries, the prevalence of opioid use remained largely stable over the last decade. More data are needed to monitor evolving opioid prescription patterns in Europe, particularly in the post-pandemic era.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1608051/fullopioidstrends multinationalelectronic health recordsreal-world datacommon data model
spellingShingle Junqing Xie
Mike Du
Yuchen Guo
Cesar Barboza
James T. Brash
Antonella Delmestri
Talita Duarte-Salles
Talita Duarte-Salles
Jasmine Gratton
Romain Griffier
Raivo Kolde
Wai Yi Man
Núria Mercadé-Besora
Marek Oja
Sarah Seager
Katia Verhamme
Dina Vojinovic
Edward Burn
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
Daniel Prieto-Alhambra
Martí Català
Annika M. Jödicke
Trends in prescription opioid use in Europe: A DARWIN EU® multinational cohort study including seven European countries
Frontiers in Pharmacology
opioids
trends multinational
electronic health records
real-world data
common data model
title Trends in prescription opioid use in Europe: A DARWIN EU® multinational cohort study including seven European countries
title_full Trends in prescription opioid use in Europe: A DARWIN EU® multinational cohort study including seven European countries
title_fullStr Trends in prescription opioid use in Europe: A DARWIN EU® multinational cohort study including seven European countries
title_full_unstemmed Trends in prescription opioid use in Europe: A DARWIN EU® multinational cohort study including seven European countries
title_short Trends in prescription opioid use in Europe: A DARWIN EU® multinational cohort study including seven European countries
title_sort trends in prescription opioid use in europe a darwin eu r multinational cohort study including seven european countries
topic opioids
trends multinational
electronic health records
real-world data
common data model
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1608051/full
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