Co-initiating-system dual-mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworks

Abstract Entanglement significantly enhances the mechanical performance and functionality of both natural and synthetic materials. However, developing straightforward, versatile strategies for creating high-performance entangled polymer materials remains a challenge. Here, a co-initiating-system dua...

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Main Authors: An Wei, Qian Wang, Jupen Liu, Yuchan Huang, Haoxiang Li, Zhenhao Zhu, Tao Wang, You Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59669-3
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author An Wei
Qian Wang
Jupen Liu
Yuchan Huang
Haoxiang Li
Zhenhao Zhu
Tao Wang
You Yu
author_facet An Wei
Qian Wang
Jupen Liu
Yuchan Huang
Haoxiang Li
Zhenhao Zhu
Tao Wang
You Yu
author_sort An Wei
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Entanglement significantly enhances the mechanical performance and functionality of both natural and synthetic materials. However, developing straightforward, versatile strategies for creating high-performance entangled polymer materials remains a challenge. Here, a co-initiating-system dual-mechanism strategy is designed for fabricating printable entangled polymer multinetworks. This thermal-light dual-initiation process benefits the synthesis of high-molecular-weight polymers and promotes the rapid formation of multinetworks within hydrogels. The resulting long polymer chains enable hydrogels with higher mechanical performance, lower stress relaxation, and activation energy compared to short polymer chain-contained samples. Such a method proves more effective than traditional self-thickening and strengthening techniques for enhancing hydrogel entanglements and is also compatible with additive manufacturing, enabling the design of complex 2D webs with adaptive mechanical performance and capable of detecting and sensing applications. This work provides an effective strategy for designing high-performance entangled polymer materials, which are set to impact numerous fields, from advanced sensing to material science and beyond.
format Article
id doaj-art-3deaebb20a4e4c1181088a0f46612ce2
institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-3deaebb20a4e4c1181088a0f46612ce22025-08-20T03:53:58ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-59669-3Co-initiating-system dual-mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworksAn Wei0Qian Wang1Jupen Liu2Yuchan Huang3Haoxiang Li4Zhenhao Zhu5Tao Wang6You Yu7Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest UniversityKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest UniversityCollege of Chemistry, Chongqing Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest UniversityKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest UniversityKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest UniversitySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of TechnologyKey Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest UniversityAbstract Entanglement significantly enhances the mechanical performance and functionality of both natural and synthetic materials. However, developing straightforward, versatile strategies for creating high-performance entangled polymer materials remains a challenge. Here, a co-initiating-system dual-mechanism strategy is designed for fabricating printable entangled polymer multinetworks. This thermal-light dual-initiation process benefits the synthesis of high-molecular-weight polymers and promotes the rapid formation of multinetworks within hydrogels. The resulting long polymer chains enable hydrogels with higher mechanical performance, lower stress relaxation, and activation energy compared to short polymer chain-contained samples. Such a method proves more effective than traditional self-thickening and strengthening techniques for enhancing hydrogel entanglements and is also compatible with additive manufacturing, enabling the design of complex 2D webs with adaptive mechanical performance and capable of detecting and sensing applications. This work provides an effective strategy for designing high-performance entangled polymer materials, which are set to impact numerous fields, from advanced sensing to material science and beyond.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59669-3
spellingShingle An Wei
Qian Wang
Jupen Liu
Yuchan Huang
Haoxiang Li
Zhenhao Zhu
Tao Wang
You Yu
Co-initiating-system dual-mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworks
Nature Communications
title Co-initiating-system dual-mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworks
title_full Co-initiating-system dual-mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworks
title_fullStr Co-initiating-system dual-mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworks
title_full_unstemmed Co-initiating-system dual-mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworks
title_short Co-initiating-system dual-mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworks
title_sort co initiating system dual mechanism drives the design of printable entangled polymer multinetworks
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59669-3
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