“My Bitch Is Empty!” An Overview of the Reasons for Pregnancy Loss in Dogs
The purpose of this review is to present reasons for pregnancy loss in dogs. Termination of pregnancy can occur at any stage of gestation, sometimes even before pregnancy is diagnosed. If embryonic death occurs before day 35 of gestation, the embryo is absorbed. Fetal death in the second half of ges...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/127 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849722603724341248 |
|---|---|
| author | George Mantziaras Maja Zakosek Pipan |
| author_facet | George Mantziaras Maja Zakosek Pipan |
| author_sort | George Mantziaras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this review is to present reasons for pregnancy loss in dogs. Termination of pregnancy can occur at any stage of gestation, sometimes even before pregnancy is diagnosed. If embryonic death occurs before day 35 of gestation, the embryo is absorbed. Fetal death in the second half of gestation leads to abortion or fetal emphysema, maceration, or mummification. Abnormal embryonic development, competition between placental sites, or genetic abnormalities of the embryo(s) can lead to termination of pregnancy. Maternal factors that alter ovarian function or the environment in the oviducts and uterus, such as cystic endometrial hyperplasia or inflammation, can lead to pregnancy loss. Abnormalities of the placenta, uterine torsion, metrocoele, environmental stress, and malnutrition can have detrimental effects on fetal development. Several drugs or medications can also have embryotoxic/teratogenic effect. Endocrinological disorders such as hypoluteodism, gestational diabetes, and hypothyroidism can be reasons for pregnancy failure. Several bacteria, protozoa, and viruses can cause pregnancy loss in dogs. Etiological diagnoses of pregnancy loss in dogs are challenging as the exact causes are not always obvious; so, a multi-faceted approach is required. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3dd7fcab3e004ad6b2ca4482b98ce77b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-3dd7fcab3e004ad6b2ca4482b98ce77b2025-08-20T03:11:18ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-02-0112212710.3390/vetsci12020127“My Bitch Is Empty!” An Overview of the Reasons for Pregnancy Loss in DogsGeorge Mantziaras0Maja Zakosek Pipan1Independent Researcher, Small Animal Practitioner, Kifisias Avenue 22, 15125 Marousi, GreeceClinic for Reproduction and Large Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaThe purpose of this review is to present reasons for pregnancy loss in dogs. Termination of pregnancy can occur at any stage of gestation, sometimes even before pregnancy is diagnosed. If embryonic death occurs before day 35 of gestation, the embryo is absorbed. Fetal death in the second half of gestation leads to abortion or fetal emphysema, maceration, or mummification. Abnormal embryonic development, competition between placental sites, or genetic abnormalities of the embryo(s) can lead to termination of pregnancy. Maternal factors that alter ovarian function or the environment in the oviducts and uterus, such as cystic endometrial hyperplasia or inflammation, can lead to pregnancy loss. Abnormalities of the placenta, uterine torsion, metrocoele, environmental stress, and malnutrition can have detrimental effects on fetal development. Several drugs or medications can also have embryotoxic/teratogenic effect. Endocrinological disorders such as hypoluteodism, gestational diabetes, and hypothyroidism can be reasons for pregnancy failure. Several bacteria, protozoa, and viruses can cause pregnancy loss in dogs. Etiological diagnoses of pregnancy loss in dogs are challenging as the exact causes are not always obvious; so, a multi-faceted approach is required.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/127canine pregnancyinfertilityabortionresorptionendometritis |
| spellingShingle | George Mantziaras Maja Zakosek Pipan “My Bitch Is Empty!” An Overview of the Reasons for Pregnancy Loss in Dogs Veterinary Sciences canine pregnancy infertility abortion resorption endometritis |
| title | “My Bitch Is Empty!” An Overview of the Reasons for Pregnancy Loss in Dogs |
| title_full | “My Bitch Is Empty!” An Overview of the Reasons for Pregnancy Loss in Dogs |
| title_fullStr | “My Bitch Is Empty!” An Overview of the Reasons for Pregnancy Loss in Dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | “My Bitch Is Empty!” An Overview of the Reasons for Pregnancy Loss in Dogs |
| title_short | “My Bitch Is Empty!” An Overview of the Reasons for Pregnancy Loss in Dogs |
| title_sort | my bitch is empty an overview of the reasons for pregnancy loss in dogs |
| topic | canine pregnancy infertility abortion resorption endometritis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/2/127 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT georgemantziaras mybitchisemptyanoverviewofthereasonsforpregnancylossindogs AT majazakosekpipan mybitchisemptyanoverviewofthereasonsforpregnancylossindogs |