Effects of Physical Exercise Programs on Sarcopenia Management, Dynapenia, and Physical Performance in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Introduction. Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in the elderly population, imposing a significant impact over their functional ability as well as their quality of life. Furthermore, it is associated with greater incidence of major geriatric outcomes, as reduced mobility, falls, loss of independenc...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2019-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Aging Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1959486 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849304738264252416 |
|---|---|
| author | Renato Gorga Bandeira de Mello Roberta Rigo Dalla Corte Joana Gioscia Emilio Hideyuki Moriguchi |
| author_facet | Renato Gorga Bandeira de Mello Roberta Rigo Dalla Corte Joana Gioscia Emilio Hideyuki Moriguchi |
| author_sort | Renato Gorga Bandeira de Mello |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction. Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in the elderly population, imposing a significant impact over their functional ability as well as their quality of life. Furthermore, it is associated with greater incidence of major geriatric outcomes, as reduced mobility, falls, loss of independence, cognitive impairment, and all-cause mortality. Physical Exercise Programs directed to improve muscle mass and its function may be key to reduce sarcopenia consequences. However, a significant heterogeneity is found in clinical trials, especially as a consequence of different exercise protocols applied to research subjects. Objectives. To access the effects of physical exercise programs compared to no exercise interventions to improve sarcopenia components and its determinants in sarcopenic elder individuals. Methods. A systematic review was conducted in the Pubmed database to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which tested the effects of physical exercise programs to manage sarcopenia components in sarcopenic elder individuals. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies’ eligibility according to specified inclusion criteria in a four-step strategy. Data regarding population characteristics, muscle mass, muscle quality, muscle strength, and muscle function were extracted from each one of the included studies. Assessment of quality and individual studies risk of bias were assessed through Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool®. Assuming theoretical expected heterogeneity among studies, especially regarding different physical exercise programs and different outcome measurements, authors decided to be conservative and present study results in descriptive tables. Results. Search strategy retrieved 298 papers on PubMed database. Three more were identified through manual search, being 301 studies revised for inclusion. 278 were excluded during title/abstract review. After further evaluation of 23 full-texts, 5 RCTs were included. All 5 trials tested the efficacy of isolated exercise programs to improve sarcopenia components in the elderly compared to no physical intervention. Resistance training was the main intervention component in all included trials compared to inactive control groups (health education mainly). Physical training improved muscle strength, muscle quality, and muscle function compared to inactive control groups. Considering muscle mass, no differences were demonstrated. Data meta-analysis was not possible to be performed due to high heterogeneity among trials and small number of studies for each outcome comparison. Conclusion. Heterogeneity among trials and small number of RCTs limited robust conclusions and data meta-analysis. However, resistance training protocols can improve muscle strength and physical performance in elders previously diagnosed with sarcopenia, although its effect size and clinical impact are barely relevant. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3dc3360e83c644baa0fffb2ac902fb03 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-2204 2090-2212 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Aging Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-3dc3360e83c644baa0fffb2ac902fb032025-08-20T03:55:40ZengWileyJournal of Aging Research2090-22042090-22122019-01-01201910.1155/2019/19594861959486Effects of Physical Exercise Programs on Sarcopenia Management, Dynapenia, and Physical Performance in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical TrialsRenato Gorga Bandeira de Mello0Roberta Rigo Dalla Corte1Joana Gioscia2Emilio Hideyuki Moriguchi3School of Medicine at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Department of Internal Medicine, Porto Alegre, BrazilSchool of Medicine at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Department of Internal Medicine, Porto Alegre, BrazilSchool of Medicine at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, BrazilSchool of Medicine at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Department of Internal Medicine, Porto Alegre, BrazilIntroduction. Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in the elderly population, imposing a significant impact over their functional ability as well as their quality of life. Furthermore, it is associated with greater incidence of major geriatric outcomes, as reduced mobility, falls, loss of independence, cognitive impairment, and all-cause mortality. Physical Exercise Programs directed to improve muscle mass and its function may be key to reduce sarcopenia consequences. However, a significant heterogeneity is found in clinical trials, especially as a consequence of different exercise protocols applied to research subjects. Objectives. To access the effects of physical exercise programs compared to no exercise interventions to improve sarcopenia components and its determinants in sarcopenic elder individuals. Methods. A systematic review was conducted in the Pubmed database to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which tested the effects of physical exercise programs to manage sarcopenia components in sarcopenic elder individuals. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies’ eligibility according to specified inclusion criteria in a four-step strategy. Data regarding population characteristics, muscle mass, muscle quality, muscle strength, and muscle function were extracted from each one of the included studies. Assessment of quality and individual studies risk of bias were assessed through Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool®. Assuming theoretical expected heterogeneity among studies, especially regarding different physical exercise programs and different outcome measurements, authors decided to be conservative and present study results in descriptive tables. Results. Search strategy retrieved 298 papers on PubMed database. Three more were identified through manual search, being 301 studies revised for inclusion. 278 were excluded during title/abstract review. After further evaluation of 23 full-texts, 5 RCTs were included. All 5 trials tested the efficacy of isolated exercise programs to improve sarcopenia components in the elderly compared to no physical intervention. Resistance training was the main intervention component in all included trials compared to inactive control groups (health education mainly). Physical training improved muscle strength, muscle quality, and muscle function compared to inactive control groups. Considering muscle mass, no differences were demonstrated. Data meta-analysis was not possible to be performed due to high heterogeneity among trials and small number of studies for each outcome comparison. Conclusion. Heterogeneity among trials and small number of RCTs limited robust conclusions and data meta-analysis. However, resistance training protocols can improve muscle strength and physical performance in elders previously diagnosed with sarcopenia, although its effect size and clinical impact are barely relevant.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1959486 |
| spellingShingle | Renato Gorga Bandeira de Mello Roberta Rigo Dalla Corte Joana Gioscia Emilio Hideyuki Moriguchi Effects of Physical Exercise Programs on Sarcopenia Management, Dynapenia, and Physical Performance in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials Journal of Aging Research |
| title | Effects of Physical Exercise Programs on Sarcopenia Management, Dynapenia, and Physical Performance in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials |
| title_full | Effects of Physical Exercise Programs on Sarcopenia Management, Dynapenia, and Physical Performance in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Physical Exercise Programs on Sarcopenia Management, Dynapenia, and Physical Performance in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Physical Exercise Programs on Sarcopenia Management, Dynapenia, and Physical Performance in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials |
| title_short | Effects of Physical Exercise Programs on Sarcopenia Management, Dynapenia, and Physical Performance in the Elderly: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials |
| title_sort | effects of physical exercise programs on sarcopenia management dynapenia and physical performance in the elderly a systematic review of randomized clinical trials |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1959486 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT renatogorgabandeirademello effectsofphysicalexerciseprogramsonsarcopeniamanagementdynapeniaandphysicalperformanceintheelderlyasystematicreviewofrandomizedclinicaltrials AT robertarigodallacorte effectsofphysicalexerciseprogramsonsarcopeniamanagementdynapeniaandphysicalperformanceintheelderlyasystematicreviewofrandomizedclinicaltrials AT joanagioscia effectsofphysicalexerciseprogramsonsarcopeniamanagementdynapeniaandphysicalperformanceintheelderlyasystematicreviewofrandomizedclinicaltrials AT emiliohideyukimoriguchi effectsofphysicalexerciseprogramsonsarcopeniamanagementdynapeniaandphysicalperformanceintheelderlyasystematicreviewofrandomizedclinicaltrials |