Modeling nitric oxide diffusion and plasticity modulation in cerebellar learning

Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile signaling molecule with significant roles in various physiological processes, including synaptic plasticity and memory formation. In the cerebellum, NO is produced by neural NO synthase and diffuses to influence synaptic changes, particularly at parallel fiber-Purkin...

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Main Authors: Alessandra Maria Trapani, Carlo Andrea Sartori, Benedetta Gambosi, Alessandra Pedrocchi, Alberto Antonietti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-06-01
Series:APL Bioengineering
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0250953
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author Alessandra Maria Trapani
Carlo Andrea Sartori
Benedetta Gambosi
Alessandra Pedrocchi
Alberto Antonietti
author_facet Alessandra Maria Trapani
Carlo Andrea Sartori
Benedetta Gambosi
Alessandra Pedrocchi
Alberto Antonietti
author_sort Alessandra Maria Trapani
collection DOAJ
description Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile signaling molecule with significant roles in various physiological processes, including synaptic plasticity and memory formation. In the cerebellum, NO is produced by neural NO synthase and diffuses to influence synaptic changes, particularly at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. This study aims to investigate NO's role in cerebellar learning mechanisms using a biologically realistic simulation-based approach. We developed the NO Diffusion Simulator (NODS), a Python module designed to model NO production and diffusion within a cerebellar spiking neural network framework. Our simulations focus on the eye-blink classical conditioning protocol to assess the impact of NO modulation on long-term potentiation and depression at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. The results demonstrate that NO diffusion significantly affects synaptic plasticity, dynamically adjusting learning rates based on synaptic activity patterns. This metaplasticity mechanism enhances the cerebellum's capacity to prioritize relevant inputs and mitigate learning interference, selectively modulating synaptic efficacy. Our findings align with theoretical models, suggesting that NO serves as a contextual indicator, optimizing learning rates for effective motor control and adaptation to new tasks. The NODS implementation provides an efficient tool for large-scale simulations, facilitating future studies on NO dynamics in various brain regions and neurovascular coupling scenarios. By bridging the gap between molecular processes and network-level learning, this work underscores the critical role of NO in cerebellar function and offers a robust framework for exploring NO-dependent plasticity in computational neuroscience.
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spelling doaj-art-3dbd3b347177475bb4b68319a16ee2c92025-08-20T03:31:06ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Bioengineering2473-28772025-06-0192026125026125-1410.1063/5.0250953Modeling nitric oxide diffusion and plasticity modulation in cerebellar learningAlessandra Maria Trapani0Carlo Andrea Sartori1Benedetta Gambosi2Alessandra Pedrocchi3Alberto Antonietti4Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, ItalyDepartment of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, ItalyNitric oxide (NO) is a versatile signaling molecule with significant roles in various physiological processes, including synaptic plasticity and memory formation. In the cerebellum, NO is produced by neural NO synthase and diffuses to influence synaptic changes, particularly at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. This study aims to investigate NO's role in cerebellar learning mechanisms using a biologically realistic simulation-based approach. We developed the NO Diffusion Simulator (NODS), a Python module designed to model NO production and diffusion within a cerebellar spiking neural network framework. Our simulations focus on the eye-blink classical conditioning protocol to assess the impact of NO modulation on long-term potentiation and depression at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. The results demonstrate that NO diffusion significantly affects synaptic plasticity, dynamically adjusting learning rates based on synaptic activity patterns. This metaplasticity mechanism enhances the cerebellum's capacity to prioritize relevant inputs and mitigate learning interference, selectively modulating synaptic efficacy. Our findings align with theoretical models, suggesting that NO serves as a contextual indicator, optimizing learning rates for effective motor control and adaptation to new tasks. The NODS implementation provides an efficient tool for large-scale simulations, facilitating future studies on NO dynamics in various brain regions and neurovascular coupling scenarios. By bridging the gap between molecular processes and network-level learning, this work underscores the critical role of NO in cerebellar function and offers a robust framework for exploring NO-dependent plasticity in computational neuroscience.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0250953
spellingShingle Alessandra Maria Trapani
Carlo Andrea Sartori
Benedetta Gambosi
Alessandra Pedrocchi
Alberto Antonietti
Modeling nitric oxide diffusion and plasticity modulation in cerebellar learning
APL Bioengineering
title Modeling nitric oxide diffusion and plasticity modulation in cerebellar learning
title_full Modeling nitric oxide diffusion and plasticity modulation in cerebellar learning
title_fullStr Modeling nitric oxide diffusion and plasticity modulation in cerebellar learning
title_full_unstemmed Modeling nitric oxide diffusion and plasticity modulation in cerebellar learning
title_short Modeling nitric oxide diffusion and plasticity modulation in cerebellar learning
title_sort modeling nitric oxide diffusion and plasticity modulation in cerebellar learning
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0250953
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