Max–Min Secrecy Rate and Secrecy Energy Efficiency Optimization for RIS-Aided VLC Systems: RSMA Versus NOMA
Integrating visible light communication (VLC) with the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) significantly enhances physical layer security by enabling precise directional signal control and dynamic adaptation to the communication environment. These capabilities strengthen the confidentiality and...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10994327/ |
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| author | Omar Maraqa Sylvester Aboagye Majid H. Khoshafa Telex M. N. Ngatched |
| author_facet | Omar Maraqa Sylvester Aboagye Majid H. Khoshafa Telex M. N. Ngatched |
| author_sort | Omar Maraqa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Integrating visible light communication (VLC) with the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) significantly enhances physical layer security by enabling precise directional signal control and dynamic adaptation to the communication environment. These capabilities strengthen the confidentiality and security of VLC systems. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the joint optimization of VLC access point (AP) power allocation, RIS association, and RIS elements orientation angles for secure VLC systems, while considering rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) and power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes. Specifically, two frameworks are proposed to maximize both the minimum secrecy rate (SR) and the minimum secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) by jointly optimizing power allocation, RIS association, and RIS elements orientation angles for both power-domain NOMA and RSMA-based VLC systems. The proposed frameworks consider random device orientation and guarantee the minimum user-rate requirement. The proposed optimization frameworks belong to the class of mixed integer nonlinear programming, which has no known feasible solution methodology to guarantee the optimal solution. Moreover, the increased degree of freedom and flexibility from the joint consideration of power control, RIS association and element orientation results in a large set of decision variables and constraints, which further complicates the optimization problem. To that end, we utilize a genetic algorithm-based solution method, which through its exploration and exploitation capabilities can obtain a good quality solution. Additionally, comprehensive simulations show that the RSMA scheme outperforms the power-domain NOMA scheme across both the SR and SEE metrics over various network parameters. Furthermore, useful insights on the impact of minimum user rate requirement, number of RIS elements, and maximum VLC AP transmit power on the minimum SR and SEE performances are provided. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3db40940534a4f59b4aea5d1612ef61b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2644-1330 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| series | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-3db40940534a4f59b4aea5d1612ef61b2025-08-20T03:19:34ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology2644-13302025-01-0161303131610.1109/OJVT.2025.356843610994327Max–Min Secrecy Rate and Secrecy Energy Efficiency Optimization for RIS-Aided VLC Systems: RSMA Versus NOMAOmar Maraqa0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4520-2223Sylvester Aboagye1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6849-923XMajid H. Khoshafa2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8882-6952Telex M. N. Ngatched3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7646-9452Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaSchool of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaIntegrating visible light communication (VLC) with the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) significantly enhances physical layer security by enabling precise directional signal control and dynamic adaptation to the communication environment. These capabilities strengthen the confidentiality and security of VLC systems. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the joint optimization of VLC access point (AP) power allocation, RIS association, and RIS elements orientation angles for secure VLC systems, while considering rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA) and power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes. Specifically, two frameworks are proposed to maximize both the minimum secrecy rate (SR) and the minimum secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) by jointly optimizing power allocation, RIS association, and RIS elements orientation angles for both power-domain NOMA and RSMA-based VLC systems. The proposed frameworks consider random device orientation and guarantee the minimum user-rate requirement. The proposed optimization frameworks belong to the class of mixed integer nonlinear programming, which has no known feasible solution methodology to guarantee the optimal solution. Moreover, the increased degree of freedom and flexibility from the joint consideration of power control, RIS association and element orientation results in a large set of decision variables and constraints, which further complicates the optimization problem. To that end, we utilize a genetic algorithm-based solution method, which through its exploration and exploitation capabilities can obtain a good quality solution. Additionally, comprehensive simulations show that the RSMA scheme outperforms the power-domain NOMA scheme across both the SR and SEE metrics over various network parameters. Furthermore, useful insights on the impact of minimum user rate requirement, number of RIS elements, and maximum VLC AP transmit power on the minimum SR and SEE performances are provided.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10994327/Visible light communications (VLC)physical layer security (PLS)reflecting intelligent surface (RIS)rate splitting multiple access (RSMA)non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)secrecy rate (SR) |
| spellingShingle | Omar Maraqa Sylvester Aboagye Majid H. Khoshafa Telex M. N. Ngatched Max–Min Secrecy Rate and Secrecy Energy Efficiency Optimization for RIS-Aided VLC Systems: RSMA Versus NOMA IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology Visible light communications (VLC) physical layer security (PLS) reflecting intelligent surface (RIS) rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) secrecy rate (SR) |
| title | Max–Min Secrecy Rate and Secrecy Energy Efficiency Optimization for RIS-Aided VLC Systems: RSMA Versus NOMA |
| title_full | Max–Min Secrecy Rate and Secrecy Energy Efficiency Optimization for RIS-Aided VLC Systems: RSMA Versus NOMA |
| title_fullStr | Max–Min Secrecy Rate and Secrecy Energy Efficiency Optimization for RIS-Aided VLC Systems: RSMA Versus NOMA |
| title_full_unstemmed | Max–Min Secrecy Rate and Secrecy Energy Efficiency Optimization for RIS-Aided VLC Systems: RSMA Versus NOMA |
| title_short | Max–Min Secrecy Rate and Secrecy Energy Efficiency Optimization for RIS-Aided VLC Systems: RSMA Versus NOMA |
| title_sort | max x2013 min secrecy rate and secrecy energy efficiency optimization for ris aided vlc systems rsma versus noma |
| topic | Visible light communications (VLC) physical layer security (PLS) reflecting intelligent surface (RIS) rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) secrecy rate (SR) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10994327/ |
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